Forced treadmill running reduces systemic inflammation yet worsens upper limb discomfort in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Musculoskeletal disorders can result from prolonged repetitive and/or forceful movements. Performance of an upper extremity high repetition high force task increases serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and upper extremity sensorimotor declines in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Since one of the most efficacious treatments for musculoskeletal pain is exercise, this study investigated the effectiveness of treadmill running in preventing these responses. METHODS:Twenty-nine young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Nineteen were trained for 5?weeks to pull a lever bar at high force (15?min/day). Thirteen went on to perform a high repetition high force reaching and lever-pulling task for 10?weeks (10-wk HRHF; 2?h/day, 3?days/wk). From this group, five were randomly selected to undergo forced treadmill running exercise (TM) during the last 6?weeks of task performance (10-wk HRHF+TM, 1?h/day, 5?days/wk). Results were compared to 10 control rats and 6 rats that underwent 6?weeks of treadmill running following training only (TR-then-TM). Voluntary task and reflexive sensorimotor behavioral outcomes were assessed. Serum was assayed for inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone, reach limb median nerves for CD68+ macrophages and extraneural thickening, and reach limb flexor digitorum muscles and tendons for pathological changes. RESULTS:10-wk HRHF rats had higher serum levels of IL-1?, IL-1? and TNF?, than control rats. In the 10-wk HRHF+TM group, IL-1? and TNF? were lower, whereas IL-10 and corticosterone were higher, compared to 10-wk HRHF only rats. Unexpectedly, several voluntary task performance outcomes (grasp force, reach success, and participation) worsened in rats that underwent treadmill running, compared to untreated 10-wk HRHF rats. Examination of forelimb tissues revealed lower cellularity within the flexor digitorum epitendon but higher numbers of CD68+ macrophages within and extraneural fibrosis around median nerves in 10-wk HRHF+TM than 10-wk HRHF rats. CONCLUSIONS:Treadmill running was associated with lower systemic inflammation and moderate tendinosis, yet higher median nerve inflammation/fibrosis and worse task performance and sensorimotor behaviors. Continued loading of the injured tissues in addition to stress-related factors associated with forced running/exercise likely contributed to our findings.

SUBMITTER: Smith TTG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6993343 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature