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Effects of treadmill running and limb immobilization on knee cartilage degeneration and locomotor joint kinematics in rats following knee meniscal transection.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:This study examined the effects of reduced and elevated weight bearing on post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development, locomotor joint kinematics, and degree of voluntary activity in rats following medial meniscal transection (MMT). DESIGN:Twenty-one adult rats were subjected to MMT surgery of the left hindlimb and then assigned to one of three groups: (1) regular (i.e., no intervention), (2) hindlimb immobilization, or (3) treadmill running. Sham surgery was performed in four additional rats. Voluntary wheel run time/distance was measured, and 3D hindlimb kinematics were quantified during treadmill locomotion using biplanar radiography. Rats were euthanized 8 weeks after MMT or sham surgery, and the microstructure of the tibial cartilage and subchondral bone was quantified using contrast enhanced micro-CT. RESULTS:All three MMT groups showed signs of PTOA (full-thickness lesions and/or increased cartilage volume) compared to the sham group, however the regular and treadmill-running groups had greater osteophyte formation than the immobilization group. For the immobilization group, increased volume was only observed in the anterior region of the cartilage. The treadmill-running group demonstrated a greater knee varus angle at mid-stance than the sham group, while the immobilization group demonstrated greater reduction in voluntary running than all the other groups at 2 weeks post-surgery. CONCLUSIONS:Elevated weight-bearing via treadmill running at a slow/moderate speed did not accelerate PTOA in MMT rats when compared to regular weight-bearing. Reduced weight-bearing via immobilization may attenuate overall PTOA but still resulted in regional cartilage degeneration. Overall, there were minimal differences in hindlimb kinematics and voluntary running between MMT and sham rats.

SUBMITTER: Tsai LC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7576441 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of treadmill running and limb immobilization on knee cartilage degeneration and locomotor joint kinematics in rats following knee meniscal transection.

Tsai L-C LC Cooper E S ES Hetzendorfer K M KM Warren G L GL Chang Y-H YH Willett N J NJ

Osteoarthritis and cartilage 20190819 12

<h4>Objective</h4>This study examined the effects of reduced and elevated weight bearing on post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development, locomotor joint kinematics, and degree of voluntary activity in rats following medial meniscal transection (MMT).<h4>Design</h4>Twenty-one adult rats were subjected to MMT surgery of the left hindlimb and then assigned to one of three groups: (1) regular (i.e., no intervention), (2) hindlimb immobilization, or (3) treadmill running. Sham surgery was perfor ...[more]

PMID: 31437580

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Musculoskeletal disorders can result from prolonged repetitive and/or forceful movements. Performance of an upper extremity high repetition high force task increases serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and upper extremity sensorimotor declines in a rat model of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Since one of the most efficacious treatments for musculoskeletal pain is exercise, this study investigated the effectiveness of treadmill running in preventing these responses. METHODS:Twenty-nine young adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Nineteen were trained for 5?weeks to pull a lever bar at high force (15?min/day). Thirteen went on to perform a high repetition high force reaching and lever-pulling task for 10?weeks (10-wk HRHF; 2?h/day, 3?days/wk). From this group, five were randomly selected to undergo forced treadmill running exercise (TM) during the last 6?weeks of task performance (10-wk HRHF+TM, 1?h/day, 5?days/wk). Results were compared to 10 control rats and 6 rats that underwent 6?weeks of treadmill running following training only (TR-then-TM). Voluntary task and reflexive sensorimotor behavioral outcomes were assessed. Serum was assayed for inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone, reach limb median nerves for CD68+ macrophages and extraneural thickening, and reach limb flexor digitorum muscles and tendons for pathological changes. RESULTS:10-wk HRHF rats had higher serum levels of IL-1?, IL-1? and TNF?, than control rats. In the 10-wk HRHF+TM group, IL-1? and TNF? were lower, whereas IL-10 and corticosterone were higher, compared to 10-wk HRHF only rats. Unexpectedly, several voluntary task performance outcomes (grasp force, reach success, and participation) worsened in rats that underwent treadmill running, compared to untreated 10-wk HRHF rats. Examination of forelimb tissues revealed lower cellularity within the flexor digitorum epitendon but higher numbers of CD68+ macrophages within and extraneural fibrosis around median nerves in 10-wk HRHF+TM than 10-wk HRHF rats. CONCLUSIONS:Treadmill running was associated with lower systemic inflammation and moderate tendinosis, yet higher median nerve inflammation/fibrosis and worse task performance and sensorimotor behaviors. Continued loading of the injured tissues in addition to stress-related factors associated with forced running/exercise likely contributed to our findings.

Dataset Information

Effects of treadmill running and limb immobilization on knee cartilage degeneration and locomotor joint kinematics in rats following knee meniscal transection.

Publications

Effects of treadmill running and limb immobilization on knee cartilage degeneration and locomotor joint kinematics in rats following knee meniscal transection.

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