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Pyrocatechol, a component of coffee, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-?B and activating Nrf2.

ABSTRACT: Coffee is a complex mixture of many bioactive compounds possessing anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms by which coffee exerts anti-inflammatory effects remains unclear and the active ingredients have not yet been identified. In this study, we found that coffee extract at more than 2.5%(v/v) significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and that anti-inflammatory activity of coffee required the roasting process. Interestingly, we identified pyrocatechol, a degradation product derived from chlorogenic acid during roasting, as the active ingredient exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity in coffee. HPLC analysis showed that 124 ?M pyrocatechol was included in 100% (v/v) roasted coffee. A treatment with 5%(v/v) coffee extract and more than 2.5 ?M pyrocatechol inhibited the LPS-induced activation of NF-?B and also significantly activated Nrf2, which acts as a negative regulator in LPS-induced inflammation. Furthermore, intake of 60% (v/v) coffee extract and 74.4 ?M pyrocatechol, which is the concentration equal to contained in 60% (v/v) coffee, markedly inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mice. Collectively, these results demonstrated that pyrocatechol, which was formed by the roasting of coffee green beans, is one of the ingredients contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity of coffee.

SUBMITTER: Funakoshi-Tago M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7018815 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pyrocatechol, a component of coffee, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2.

Funakoshi-Tago Megumi M Nonaka Yusuke Y Tago Kenji K Takeda Mika M Ishihara Yuma Y Sakai Ami A Matsutaka Mari M Kobata Kenji K Tamura Hiroomi H

Scientific reports 20200213 1

Coffee is a complex mixture of many bioactive compounds possessing anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanisms by which coffee exerts anti-inflammatory effects remains unclear and the active ingredients have not yet been identified. In this study, we found that coffee extract at more than 2.5%(v/v) significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and that anti-inflammatory activity of coffee required the roasting process. Interestingly, we identified pyrocat ...[more]

PMID: 32054966

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Project description:ObjectivesBiosurfactants with anti-inflammatory activity may alleviate skin irritation caused by synthetic surfactants in cleaning products. Sophorolipid (SL) is a promising alternative to synthetic surfactants. However, there are few reports on the anti-inflammatory activity of SL and the underlying mechanism. The purpose of this work is to verify that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation could be inhibited through targeting the pathway of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in RAW264.7 cells.MethodsThe influence of SL on cytokine release was investigated by LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells using ELISA. The quantification of the protein expression of corresponding molecular markers was realized by Western blot analysis. Flow cytometry was employed to determine the levels of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The relative expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was determined by RT-PCR. An immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscope were used to observe the NF-κB/p65 translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The likely targets of SL were predicted by molecular docking analysis.ResultsSL showed anti-inflammatory activity and reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO). The experimental results show that SL suppressed the Ca2+ and ROS levels influx in the LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and alleviated the LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2, the LPS-induced translocation of NF-κB (p65) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and the expression of phosphorylated proteins such as p65 and IκBα. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis showed that SL may inhibit inflammatory signaling by competing with LPS to bind TLR4/MD-2 through hydrophobic interactions and by inhibiting IKKβ activation through the hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that SL exerted anti-inflammatory activity via the pathway of NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells.

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Pyrocatechol, a component of coffee, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-?B and activating Nrf2.

Publications

Pyrocatechol, a component of coffee, suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB and activating Nrf2.

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