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Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related measures in relation to externalizing behaviors.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Trait impulsivity is thought to play a key role in predicting behaviors on the externalizing spectrum, such as drug and alcohol use and aggression. Research suggests that impulsivity may not be a unitary construct, but rather multidimensional in nature with dimensions varying across self-report assessments and laboratory behavioral tasks. Few studies with large samples have included a range of impulsivity-related measures and assessed several externalizing behaviors to clarify the predictive validity of these assessments on important life outcomes. METHODS:Community adults (N = 1295) between the ages of 30 and 54 completed a multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related traits (including 54 self-report scales of personality traits implicated in impulsive behaviors, and four behavioral tasks purporting to assess a construct similar to impulsivity) and reported on five externalizing behavioral outcomes (i.e. drug, alcohol, and cigarette use, and physical and verbal aggression). We ran an exploratory factor analysis on the trait scales, and then a structural equation model predicting the externalizing behaviors from the three higher-order personality factors (i.e. Disinhibition v. Constraint/Conscientiousness, Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality, and Extraversion/Positive Emotionality) and the four behavioral tasks. RESULTS:Relations between the self-report factors and behavioral tasks were small or nonexistent. Associations between the self-report factors and the externalizing outcomes were generally medium to large, but relationships between the behavioral tasks and externalizing outcomes were either nonexistent or small. CONCLUSIONS:These results partially replicate and extend recent meta-analytic findings reported by Sharma et al. (2014) to further clarify the predictive validity of impulsivity-related trait scales and laboratory behavioral tasks on externalizing behaviors.

SUBMITTER: Creswell KG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7043188 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related measures in relation to externalizing behaviors.

Creswell Kasey G KG Wright Aidan G C AGC Flory Janine D JD Skrzynski Carillon J CJ Manuck Stephen B SB

Psychological medicine 20180904 10

<h4>Background</h4>Trait impulsivity is thought to play a key role in predicting behaviors on the externalizing spectrum, such as drug and alcohol use and aggression. Research suggests that impulsivity may not be a unitary construct, but rather multidimensional in nature with dimensions varying across self-report assessments and laboratory behavioral tasks. Few studies with large samples have included a range of impulsivity-related measures and assessed several externalizing behaviors to clarify ...[more]

PMID: 30178723

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Project description:ObjectivesTo investigate health literacy profiles using a multidimensional tool in the elderly, analyze the factors related to health literacy, and explore the relationships between health literacy and health-related behaviors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey including 440 participants was conducted at a community health center and a village health center in Changsha, Hunan Province, between June 2020 and August 2020. We used the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) to assess the elderly's health literacy. Sociodemographic data and health-related behaviors of them were surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire. Latent profile analysis, Pearson's chi-squared and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe median age of the 440 respondents was 68 years. The participants had the lowest scores in the "appraisal of health information" subscale (2.22 ± 0.52), followed by "navigating the healthcare system" subscale (2.89 ± 0.81) of HLQ. Based on the analysis of three profiles, respondents who were 60-74 years (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.23-3.42, P = 0.006), living in urban areas (OR = 3.28, 95% CI: 2.17-4.94, P < 0.001), with secondary education or above (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.92-4.27, P < 0.001), and having health insurance (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.02-3.51, P = 0.042) were significantly associated with health literacy. Statistically significant associations were found between health literacy level and health-related behaviors, including medical service-seeking behavior (χ 2 = 25.14, P < 0.001), exercising regularly (χ 2 = 34.08, P < 0.001), and taking a medical examination in the past 12 months (χ 2 = 24.76, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe multidimensional health literacy survey has identified the low health literacy level among the elderly in community settings. It revealed the relationships of sociodemographic characteristics, including age, education level and residence, with health literacy. These findings emphasized the importance of health literacy in promoting health behaviors, guiding a profound understanding of the Chinese elderly's health needs and health literacy to develop community-based health promotion interventions.

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Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related measures in relation to externalizing behaviors.

Publications

Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity-related measures in relation to externalizing behaviors.

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