Dataset Information

US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-2016¹.

ABSTRACT: The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends screening populations at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB), including persons born in countries with high TB rates. This approach assumes that TB risk for expatriates living in the United States is representative of TB risk in their countries of birth. We compared US TB rates by country of birth with corresponding country rates by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRRs) (World Health Organization rate/US rate). The median IRR was 5.4. The median IRR was 0.5 for persons who received a TB diagnosis <1 year after US entry, 4.9 at 1 to <10 years, and 10.0 at >10 years. Our analysis suggests that World Health Organization TB rates are not representative of TB risk among expatriates in the United States and that TB testing prioritization in the United States might better be based on US rates by country of birth and years in the United States.

SUBMITTER: Tsang CA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7045845 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-2016<sup>1</sup>.

Tsang Clarisse A CA Langer Adam J AJ Kammerer J Steve JS Navin Thomas R TR

Emerging infectious diseases 20200301 3

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends screening populations at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB), including persons born in countries with high TB rates. This approach assumes that TB risk for expatriates living in the United States is representative of TB risk in their countries of birth. We compared US TB rates by country of birth with corresponding country rates by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRRs) (World Health Organization rate/US rate). The median IRR was 5 ...[more]

PMID: 32091367

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Project description:Backgrounds:Hospitalizations associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and liver disease increased on average by 6.0% per year from 2004 to 2010 in Canada and were projected (in 2010) to increase by another 4% by 2016. The first generation of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) became available in 2012. In 2014, a second generation of effective and well-tolerated DAA therapy was authorized in Canada. The impact of DAA therapy on the HCV-associated disease burden in Canada has not been documented. Objectives:To assess the potential impact of DAA therapy on the disease burden by a) comparing the actual hospitalization rates associated with HCV infection and liver disease following the introduction of DAAs in Canada with the 2010 baseline projection and b) documenting the associated uptake of anti-HCV therapy. Methods:The hospital records of inpatients diagnosed with chronic HCV and chronic liver disease were extracted from the Canadian Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) by fiscal year for 2004-2016. We compared the actual number of hospitalizations to the baseline projection by year and for selected 5-year birth cohorts (1925-1989). The monthly number of new prescriptions for anti-HCV regimens was extracted from the IQVIA CDH CompuScript database (formerly IMS Health), aggregated to annual levels by age group and compared with hospitalization trends. Results:Compared to the baseline projection, there was a slight reduction in hospitalizations in 2014/15 and 2015/16. This slight reduction was followed by a more significant decline in 2016/17 (32% below expected; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27%-37%). The largest declines were observed for patients born before 1960 (age 55 or older) at 40% below expected in 2016/17. The number of new anti-HCV prescriptions increased from 5,484 in fiscal year 2012/13 to a peak of 17,775 in 2015/2016. The number of new prescriptions corresponds to approximately 1.3 and five times the number of hospitalizations in 2012/13 and 2015/16, respectively. Conclusions:In Canada there has been a modest decrease in HCV and liver-related hospitalizations following a significant increase in uptake of second-generation DAAs in 2015. However, the burden is still high. Linked health administrative databases created to monitor the disease burden in the new treatment era should provide additional insight with the linkage of treatment history and disease stage to individual outcomes.

Dataset Information

US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-2016¹.

Publications

US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-2016<sup>1</sup>.

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Dataset Information

US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-20161.

Publications

US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-2016<sup>1</sup>.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets

US Tuberculosis Rates among Persons Born Outside the United States Compared with Rates in Their Countries of Birth, 2012-2016¹.