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The joint effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight on infants' term birth weight.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:It is well known that maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight have opposite effects on the infants' birth weight. We report on the association of the combination between both risk factors and the infants' birth weight. METHODS:We studied 3241 infants born at term in the PIAMA birth cohort. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy height and weight were self-reported. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between infants of mothers who only smoked during pregnancy, who only had pre-pregnancy overweight and who had both risk factors simultaneously, on term birth weight and the risk of being SGA or LGA. RESULTS:Of 3241 infants, 421 infants (13%) were born to smoking, non-overweight mothers, 514 (15.8%) to non-smoking, overweight mothers, 129 (4%) to smoking and overweight mothers and 2177 (67%) to non-smoking, non-overweight mothers (reference group). Infants of mothers who smoked and also had pre-pregnancy overweight had similar term birth weight (-?26.6?g, 95%CI: -?113.0, 59.8), SGA risk (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI: 0.56, 2.04), and LGA risk (OR?=?1.09, 95%CI: 0.61, 1.96) as the reference group. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggested that the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight on infants' birth weight cancel each other out. Therefore, birth weight may not be a good indicator of an infant's health status in perinatal practice because it may mask potential health risks due to these maternal risk factors when both present together.

SUBMITTER: Chattrapiban T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7047372 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The joint effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight on infants' term birth weight.

Chattrapiban Thanin T Smit Henriette A HA Wijga Alet H AH Brunekreef Bert B Vonk Judith M JM Gehring Ulrike U van Rossem Lenie L

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 20200227 1

<h4>Background</h4>It is well known that maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight have opposite effects on the infants' birth weight. We report on the association of the combination between both risk factors and the infants' birth weight.<h4>Methods</h4>We studied 3241 infants born at term in the PIAMA birth cohort. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and pre-pregnancy height and weight were self-reported. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to assess the ...[more]

PMID: 32106826

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Cigarette smoking has severe adverse health consequences in adults and in the offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy. One of the most widely reported effects of smoking during pregnancy is reduced birth weight which is in turn associated with chronic disease in adulthood. Epigenome-wide association studies have revealed that smokers show a characteristic "smoking methylation pattern", and recent authors have proposed that DNA methylation mediates the impact of maternal smoking on birth weight. The aims of the present study were to replicate previous reports that methylation mediates the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight, and for the first time to investigate whether the observed mediation effects are sex-specific in order to account for known sex-specific differences in methylation levels. METHODS:Methylation levels in the cord blood of 313 newborns were determined using the Illumina HumanMethylation450K Beadchip. A total of 5,527 CpG sites selected on the basis of evidence from the literature were tested. To determine whether the observed association between maternal smoking and birth weight was attributable to methylation, mediation analyses were performed for significant CpG sites. Separate analyses were then performed in males and females. RESULTS:Following quality control, 282 newborns eventually remained in the analysis. A total of 25 mothers had smoked consistently throughout the pregnancy. The birthweigt of newborns whose mothers had smoked throughout pregnancy was reduced by >200g. After correction for multiple testing, 30 CpGs showed differential methylation in the maternal smoking subgroup including top "smoking methylation pattern" genes AHRR, MYO1G, GFI1, CYP1A1, and CNTNAP2. The effect of maternal smoking on birth weight was partly mediated by the methylation of cg25325512 (PIM1); cg25949550 (CNTNAP2); and cg08699196 (ITGB7). Sex-specific analyses revealed a mediating effect for cg25949550 (CNTNAP2) in male newborns. CONCLUSION:The present data replicate previous findings that methylation can mediate the effect of maternal smoking on birth weight. The analysis of sex-dependent mediation effects suggests that the sex of the newborn may have an influence. Larger studies are warranted to investigate the role of both the identified differentially methylated loci and the sex of the newborn in mediating the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and birth weight.

Project description:Rationale:Improved birth weight outcomes have been reported for infants of mothers imprisoned during pregnancy relative to similarly disadvantaged mothers, however, findings are equivocal and evidence is lacking from jurisdictions outside the United States. Objective:To investigate whether maternal imprisonment during pregnancy is a determinant of low birth weight (<2500?g) for Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants in Western Australia. Methods:A longitudinal sample of 41,910 singleton infants born in Western Australia (October 1985-December 2013), was identified with linked administrative data and examined by five mutually exclusive categories of maternal corrections history; (i) imprisonment in pregnancy, (ii) imprisonment before pregnancy, (iii) first imprisonment after birth, (iv) community-based corrections record without imprisonment at any time, and (v) no corrections record at any time. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression was performed to determine key risk factors for low birth weight. Prevalence of risk factors were calculated by maternal corrections history. Results:After adjusting for other significant pregnancy risks, maternal imprisonment before (Indigenous RR 2.02, 95%CI 1.84-2.22, p<.001; non-Indigenous RR 2.48, 95%CI 1.98-3.12, p<.001) or during (Indigenous RR 1.96, 95%CI 1.68-2.29, p<.001; non-Indigenous RR 2.12, 95%CI 1.48-3.03, p<.001) pregnancy remained strong determinants of low birth weight, and carried greater risk than imprisonment after birth (Indigenous RR 1.58, 95%CI 1.44-1.74, p<.001; non-Indigenous RR 1.75, 95%CI 1.51-2.04, p<.001) or community-based corrections orders (Indigenous RR 1.32, 95%CI 1.21-1.43, p<.001; non-Indigenous RR 1.40, 95%CI 1.05-1.88, p<.001), relative to no corrections record. Pregnancy risk factors more prevalent amongst infants whose mothers were imprisoned before or during pregnancy included substance-use related service contacts, hospitalisation for injury, mental health service contacts, and having a sibling in contact with the child protection system. Conclusion:Western Australian infants with mothers imprisoned before or during pregnancy experience elevated risk of low birth weight and exposure to maternal substance use, injury and mental distress in pregnancy.

Dataset Information

The joint effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight on infants' term birth weight.

Publications

The joint effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal pre-pregnancy overweight on infants' term birth weight.

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