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Secreted microRNA data from the parasitic filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae.

ABSTRACT: microRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of non-coding RNA species with important regulatory roles in gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. The helminth Acanthocheilonema viteae serves as model organism for research on parasitic filarial nematodes. Total RNA secreted or excreted in vitro by 1500 adult female and male A. viteae over 3 weeks was isolated from culture media previously processed by differential ultracentrifugation. miRNA sequencing revealed the presence of 360 unique miRNA candidates released by adult A. viteae in vitro. Among them, 74 high-confidence unique miRNAs, as well as several potential novel miRNA candidates were discovered. A large proportion of the sequenced miRNA candidates appeared differentially expressed between the male and female samples based on normalized copy count. The presence of extracellular vesicles, often rich in miRNAs, could not be confirmed unambiguously by transmission electron microscopy.

SUBMITTER: Soichot J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7063170 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Secreted microRNA data from the parasitic filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae.

Soichot Julien J Endriss Yvette Y Marti Hanspeter H Tritten Lucienne L

Data in brief 20200225

microRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of non-coding RNA species with important regulatory roles in gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. The helminth Acanthocheilonema viteae serves as model organism for research on parasitic filarial nematodes. Total RNA secreted or excreted in vitro by 1500 adult female and male A. viteae over 3 weeks was isolated from culture media previously processed by differential ultracentrifugation. miRNA sequencing revealed the prese ...[more]

PMID: 32181299

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Secreted microRNA data from the parasitic filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae

Project description:The helminth Acanthocheilonema viteae serves as model organism for research on parasitic filarial nematodes. Total RNA secreted or excreted by 1500 adult female and male A. viteae over 3 weeks was isolated from culture media previously processed by differential ultracentrifugation, and subjected to miRNA sequencing.

2020-04-10 | GSE143793 | GEO

Secreted microRNA data from the parasitic filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae

Project description:Secreted microRNA data from the parasitic filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae

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Essential role of chitinase in the development of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae.

Project description:Chitinases of pathogens have been proposed as potential targets of vaccines or specific inhibitors. We studied the genomic organization, transcript levels, developmental expression, and biological function of chitinases in the rodent filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae, a model organism for human-pathogenic filarial worms. Characterization of nine genomic clones from an A. viteae phage library and Southern blot experiments revealed the existence of three different chitinase genes, two of which could theoretically yield functional transcripts. The deduced proteins of these genes had the common modular organization of family 18 chitinases. Northern blot experiments and rapid amplification of cDNA ends-PCR with adult worms and larval stages showed that only one gene is expressed, with high variation in transcript levels, as determined by real-time PCR. Chitinase transcript levels were lowest in the late male stage 4 larva (L4) and peaked in the stage 3 larva (L3), which was corroborated by Western blotting. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments showed that treatment of L3 and adult female worms with double-stranded RNA of chitinase inhibited molting of L3 worms and hatching of microfilariae. RNAi also led to the death of 50% of female worms, revealing the essential role of chitinase in the life cycle of filarial nematodes.

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Site-specific glycoproteomic characterization of ES-62: The major secreted product of the parasitic worm Acanthocheilonema viteae.

Project description:ES-62 is the major secreted product of the parasitic filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae and has potent anti-inflammatory activities as a consequence of posttranslational decoration by phosphorylcholine (PC). Previously, we showed that ES-62's PC was attached to N-linked glycans, and using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, we characterized the structure of the glycans. However, it was unknown at this time which of ES-62's four potential N-glycosylation sites carries the PC-modified glycans. In the present study, we now employ more advanced analytical tools-nano-flow liquid chromatography with high-definition electrospray mass spectrometry-to show that PC-modified glycans are found at all four potential N-glycosylation sites. Also, our earlier studies showed that up to two PC groups were detected per glycan, and we are now able to characterize N-glycans with up to five PC groups. The number per glycan varies in three of the four glycosylation sites, and in addition, for the first time, we have detected PC on the N-glycan chitobiose core in addition to terminal GlcNAc. Nevertheless, the majority of PC is detected on terminal GlcNAc, enabling it to interact with the cells and molecules of the immune system. Such expression may explain the potent immunomodulatory effects of a molecule that is considered to have significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of certain human allergic and autoimmune conditions.

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Human filariasis-contributions of the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae animal model.

Project description:Filariae are vector-borne parasitic nematodes that are endemic worldwide, in tropical and subtropical regions. Important human filariae spp. include Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp., and Loa loa and Mansonella spp. causing onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (lymphedema and hydrocele), loiasis (eye worm), and mansonelliasis, respectively. It is estimated that over 1 billion individuals live in endemic regions where filarial diseases are a public health concern contributing to significant disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Thus, efforts to control and eliminate filarial diseases were already launched by the WHO in the 1970s, especially against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, and are mainly based on mass drug administration (MDA) of microfilaricidal drugs (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, albendazole) to filarial endemic areas accompanied with vector control strategies with the goal to reduce the transmission. With the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it was decided to eliminate transmission of onchocerciasis and stop lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem by 2030. It was also requested that novel drugs and treatment strategies be developed. Mouse models provide an important platform for anti-filarial drug research in a preclinical setting. This review presents an overview about the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae filarial mouse models and their role in immunological research as well as preclinical studies about novel anti-filarial drugs and treatment strategies.

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Designing anti-inflammatory drugs from parasitic worms: a synthetic small molecule analogue of the Acanthocheilonema viteae product ES-62 prevents development of collagen-induced arthritis.

Project description:In spite of increasing evidence that parasitic worms may protect humans from developing allergic and autoimmune diseases and the continuing identification of defined helminth-derived immunomodulatory molecules, to date no new anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed from these organisms. We have approached this matter in a novel manner by synthesizing a library of drug-like small molecules based upon phosphorylcholine, the active moiety of the anti-inflammatory Acanthocheilonema viteae product, ES-62, which as an immunogenic protein is unsuitable for use as a drug. Following preliminary in vitro screening for inhibitory effects on relevant macrophage cytokine responses, a sulfone-containing phosphorylcholine analogue (11a) was selected for testing in an in vivo model of inflammation, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Testing revealed that 11a was as effective as ES-62 in protecting DBA/1 mice from developing CIA and mirrored its mechanism of action in downregulating the TLR/IL-1R transducer, MyD88. 11a is thus a novel prototype for anti-inflammatory drug development.

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