Dataset Information

Detection of Gas Drifting Near the Ground by Drone Hovering Over: Using Airflow Generated by Two Connected Quadcopters.

ABSTRACT: This paper describes the utilization of the downwashes of multicopters for gas-sensing applications. Multirotor drones are an attractive platform for sensing applications. Their high maneuverability enables swift scanning of a target area with onboard sensors. When equipped with a gas sensor and used for gas-sensing applications, however, the strong downwash produced by the rotors poses a problem. When a multicopter is hovering at a low altitude, gas puffs leaked from a gas source on the ground are all blown away. Here, we propose to use two multicopters connected by a rod or a string and place a gas sensor at the midpoint of the rod/string. The downwash generated by each multicopter spreads radially after it impinges on the ground. When two multicopters are connected, the airflows spreading radially along the ground from the two multicopters impinge at the center and are deflected in the upward direction. Gas puffs wafting near the ground surface between the two multicopters are carried by this upward airflow to the gas sensor. Experimental results are presented to show the soundness of the proposed method. The connected quadcopters hovering over an ethanol gas source was able to detect the gas even with a moderate cross-flow.

SUBMITTER: Sato R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7085716 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Detection of Gas Drifting Near the Ground by Drone Hovering Over: Using Airflow Generated by Two Connected Quadcopters.

Sato Ryohei R Tanaka Kento K Ishida Hanako H Koguchi Saki S Ramos Ramirez Jane Pauline JP Matsukura Haruka H Ishida Hiroshi H

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20200304 5

This paper describes the utilization of the downwashes of multicopters for gas-sensing applications. Multirotor drones are an attractive platform for sensing applications. Their high maneuverability enables swift scanning of a target area with onboard sensors. When equipped with a gas sensor and used for gas-sensing applications, however, the strong downwash produced by the rotors poses a problem. When a multicopter is hovering at a low altitude, gas puffs leaked from a gas source on the ground ...[more]

PMID: 32143359

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Project description:BackgroundTimely and safe distribution of quality blood products is a major challenge faced by blood banks around the world. Our primary objective was to determine if simulated blood product delivery to an urban trauma center would be more rapidly achieved by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) than by ground transportation. A secondary objective was to determine the feasibility of maintaining simulated blood product temperatures within a targeted range.MethodsIn this prospective pilot study, we used two distinct methods to compare UAV flight duration and ground transport times. Simulated blood products included packed red blood cells, platelet concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma. For each blood product type, three UAV flights were conducted. Temperature was monitored during transport using a probe coupled to a data logger inside each simulated blood product unit.ResultsAll flights were conducted successfully without any adverse events or safety concerns reported. The heaviest payload transported was 6.4 kg, and the drone speed throughout all nine flights was 10 m/s. The mean UAV transportation time was significantly faster than ground delivery (17:06 ± 00:04 minutes vs. 28:54 ± 01:12 minutes, p < 0.0001). The mean ± SD initial temperature for packed red blood cells was 4.4°C ± 0.1°C with a maximum 5% mean temperature variability from departure to landing. For platelet concentrates, the mean ± SD initial temperature was 21.6°C ± 0.5°C, and the maximum variability observed was 0.3%. The mean ± SD initial fresh frozen plasma temperature was -19°C ± 2°C, and the greatest temperature variability was from -17°C ± 2°C to -16°C ± 2°C.ConclusionsUnmanned aerial vehicle transportation of simulated blood products was significantly faster than ground delivery. Simulated blood product temperatures remained within their respective acceptable ranges throughout transport. Further studies assessing UAV transport of real blood products in populated areas are warranted.Level of evidenceTherapeutic/care management, level IV.

Project description:Understanding processes controlling forest dynamics has become particularly important in the context of ongoing climate change, which is altering the ecological fitness and resilience of species worldwide. However, whether forest communities would be threatened by projected macroclimate change or unaffected due to the controlling effect of local site conditions is still a matter for debate. After all, forest canopy buffer climate extremes and promote microclimatic conditions, which matters for functional plant response, and act as refugia for understory species in a changing climate. Yet precisely how microclimatic conditions change in response to climate warming will depend on the extent to which vegetation structure and local topography shape air and soil temperature. In this study, we posited that forest microclimatic buffering is sensitive to local topographic conditions and canopy cover, and using meteorological stations equipped with data-loggers we measured this effect during 1 year across a climate gradient (considering aspect as a surrogate of local topography) in a Mediterranean beech treeline growing in contrasting aspects in southern Italy. During the growing season, the below-canopy near-ground temperatures were, on average, 2.4 and 1.0 °C cooler than open-field temperatures for south and north-west aspects, respectively. Overall, the temperature offset became more negative (that is, lower under-canopy temperatures at the treeline) as the open-field temperature increased, and more positive (that is, higher under-canopy temperatures at the treeline) as the open-field temperature decreased. The buffering effect was particularly evident for the treeline on the south-facing slope, where cooling of near-ground temperature was as high as 8.6 °C for the maximum temperature (in August the offset peaked at 10 °C) and as high as 2.5 °C for the average temperature. In addition, compared to the south-facing slope, the northern site exhibited less decoupling from free-air environment conditions and low variability in microclimate trends that closely track the free-air biophysical environment. Although such a decoupling effect cannot wholly isolate forest climatic conditions from macroclimate regional variability in the south-facing treeline, it has the potential to partly offset the regional macroclimatic warming experienced in the forest understory due to anthropogenic climate change.

Dataset Information

Detection of Gas Drifting Near the Ground by Drone Hovering Over: Using Airflow Generated by Two Connected Quadcopters.

Publications

Detection of Gas Drifting Near the Ground by Drone Hovering Over: Using Airflow Generated by Two Connected Quadcopters.

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