Project description:Bats are speculated to be reservoirs of several emerging viruses including coronaviruses (CoVs) that cause serious disease in humans and agricultural animals. These include CoVs that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and severe acute diarrhea syndrome (SADS). Bats that are naturally infected or experimentally infected do not demonstrate clinical signs of disease. These observations have allowed researchers to speculate that bats are the likely reservoirs or ancestral hosts for several CoVs. In this review, we follow the CoV outbreaks that are speculated to have originated in bats. We review studies that have allowed researchers to identify unique adaptation in bats that may allow them to harbor CoVs without severe disease. We speculate about future studies that are critical to identify how bats can harbor multiple strains of CoVs and factors that enable these viruses to "jump" from bats to other mammals. We hope that this review will enable readers to identify gaps in knowledge that currently exist and initiate a dialogue amongst bat researchers to share resources to overcome present limitations.
Project description:Pediatric astrocytomas, a leading cause of death associated with cancer, are the most common primary central nervous system tumors found in children. Most studies of these tumors focus on adults, not children. We examined the global protein and microRNAs expression pattern by 2D SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and RT2 miRNA PCR Array System. MicroRNAs analysis revealed for the first time novel microRNAs involved in astrocytomas biology. Interestingly, miR-138 and miR-145 down-regulation appear to be associated with protein over-expression of vimentin and Bax, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that novel proteins and microRNAs altered on pediatric astrocytoma could serve as biomarkers to distinguish between astrocytoma grades. Astrocytoma samples were colected from patients and total RNA isolation (30 mg of tissue) was performed using the TRIzol® protocol (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturer′s instructions. Samples were analyzed using SA Biosciences RT2 miRNA PCRArray System to determied the miRNA expression between control samples and tumors RT2 miRNA PCR Array. Eigth tumor samples and two control tissue (including two control tissue replicates) were used as indicated in the sumary. A total of 3ug of RNA from each tumr samples and control tissue were placed in the PCR Array
Project description:Pediatric astrocytomas, a leading cause of death associated with cancer, are the most common primary central nervous system tumors found in children. Most studies of these tumors focus on adults, not children. We examined the global protein and microRNAs expression pattern by 2D SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and RT2 miRNA PCR Array System. MicroRNAs analysis revealed for the first time novel microRNAs involved in astrocytomas biology. Interestingly, miR-138 and miR-145 down-regulation appear to be associated with protein over-expression of vimentin and Bax, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that novel proteins and microRNAs altered on pediatric astrocytoma could serve as biomarkers to distinguish between astrocytoma grades. Astrocytoma samples were colected from patients and total RNA isolation (30 mg of tissue) was performed using the TRIzolM-BM-. protocol (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturerM-bM-^@M-2s instructions. Samples were analyzed using SA Biosciences RT2 miRNA PCRArray System to determied the miRNA expression between control samples and tumors RT2 miRNA PCR Array. Eigth tumor samples and two control tissue (including two control tissue replicates) were used as indicated in the sumary. A total of 3ug of RNA from each tumr samples and control tissue were placed in the PCR Array
Project description:TGF-M-NM-21 signaling pathway of spleen of the Gata1low mouse model of myelofibrosis Four condition experiment. Biological replicates: 3 control CD1 mice, 3 Gata1low mice, 3 SB431542-treated Gata1low mice and 3 Vehicle-treated Gata1low mice.
Project description:Murine macrophages were isolated from the lungs of mice given a pulmonary challenge with C. neoformans strain H99. Mice were either given a protective (H99γ) or a mock (HKCn) immunization prior to C. neoformans H99 challenge, and macrophages were isolated from the lungs of mice 24 hours, 3 days, or 7 days post-challenge using anti-CD11b microbeads according to the Miltenyi cell sorting system. We used SA Biosciences Toll-like Receptor PCR assay panel to quantitate gene expression of signal transduction factors in total RNA isolated from macrophages derived from immunized mice compared to non-immunized. qPCR gene expression profiling. Macrophages from 5 mice per group were pooled and assayed as indicated in the summary. Each experiment was performed 3 times and the resulting Ct values of each group from each experiment averaged prior to data analysis. TIme points were analyzed separately
Project description:Balb/cJ mouse received control RNAi or RNAi to 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (Ogg1) intranasally prior to the exposure for 1 h to a) glucose oxidase (1 mU) to induce OGG1-BER or b) OGG1-BER product 8-oxoguanine (1 M-NM-<M). We used SABiosciences Mouse Inflammatory Cytokines & Receptors PCR Array (PAMM-011A) to quantitate inflammatory gene expression dependent on OGG1 and its product 8-oxoguanine. After intranasal challenge with glucose oxidase or 8-oxoguanine, mice were sacrificed and lungs were collected and processed to obtain RNA. Total pooled (n=5) RNA (1 M-NM-<g) was reverse transcribed into cDNA using SuperscriptM-BM-. III First Strand Synthesis System (Invitrogen), mixed with equal amounts of 2X SYBR Green Supermix (Qiagen) and 20 M-NM-<l of reaction mixture was added to each well of the PAM-011A array. The reaction was evaluated using an ABI PRISMM-BM-. 7000 Sequence Detection System using recommended settings by SABiosciences.
Project description:Nannochloropsis gaditana cells were cultivated under continuous light as a control condition versus 3 different flashing light conditions (FL5, FL50 and FL500). This study is complementary to Lima et al. (2020) where physiology and photosynthetic capacity were assesed. Here we analyzed the mRNA expression level of key genes related to photoshynthesis, lipid and starch synthesis, and nitrogen assimilation. Total cell RNA was extracted from cultures of N. gaditana at a concentration of 1x106 cells/mL using the E.Z.N.A® total DNA/RNA isolation kit (Omega Bio-tek, Inc., USA). Reverse transcription reactions were performed using SuperScript™ IV VILO™ Master Mix with the enzyme ezDNase (Invitrogen™, ThermoFisher scientific, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The qPCR reactions were performed by mixing 5L of FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master mix (Rox) (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., USA) with 1 L of primer mix (consisting of forward and the reverse primers) at a concentration of 300 nM and 4 L of the cDNA. The conditions of thermocycling were: 95 C for 600 s (preincubation), followed by 40 cycles of denaturation at 95 C for 10 s, annealing/extension at 60 C for 30 s. qPCR were performed in the LightCycler 96 Roche Life Science instrument.
Project description:Incisor enamel organ epithelial cells were isolated and enzymatically processed from postnatal day 4 mice transgenic for Amelx-promoter driven tdTomato. Single cell suspensions were subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to isolate tdTomato positive ameloblasts. tdTomato-positive cells were isolated from enamel organ epithelial from the incisors of three mouse lines, which were Mmp20+/+ -AT4 (WT), Mmp20-/--AT4 (KO), Mmp20+/+ Tg-AT4 (Tg, overexpress MMP20). We used Fukuoka Dental College mouse ameloblast PCR array panel to quantitate gene expression of genes associated with enamel formation, cell migration and cell adhesion from ameloblasts.
Project description:96 BdbZIPs responding to 14 stresses were screened using qPCR. All samples were repeated with 3 times and GAPDH was regarded as house keeping gene. The stresses included heavy metal treatments, environmental factors and phytohormones
Project description:2 IL-15 KO AND 2 C57BL/6 mice were injected with 5X10^5 cells of the polyoma Middle T (pMT) primary breast tumor cell line intraveneously(IV). 2 days post injection, the lungs were harvested and one lobe of the lung was used to extract RNA from. We then utilized the SABBiosciences RT^2 Profiler PCR Array for Mouse cytokines and Chemokines to determine levels of cytokine/chemokines that were different in these 2 mice at this time point. We were interested in the immune responses that may change in response to tumor cells entering and establishing in the lung (as a model of metastasis) in the presence or absence of IL-15.