Dataset Information

Analyses of air pollution control measures and co-benefits in the heavily air-polluted Jinan city of China, 2013-2017.

ABSTRACT: China has made great efforts in air pollution control since 2013. However, there is a lack of evaluation of environmental, health and economic co-benefits associated with the national and local air pollution control measures at a city level. We analyzed local air pollution control policies and implementation in Jinan, one of the most heavily air-polluted cities in China between 2013 and 2017. We assessed the changes in exhaust emissions, air quality, mortality and morbidity of associated specific-diseases, and related economic benefits. We also projected the future scenarios of PM_2.5 concentration dropped to 15??g/m³. There were significant decreases in exhaust emissions of SO₂ and NO_x in Jinan during the study period. Annual reductions in ambient air pollution were 72.6% for SO₂, 43.1% for PM_2.5, and 34.2% for PM₁₀. A total of 2,317 (95%CI: 1,533-2,842) premature deaths and 15,822 (95%CI: 8,734-23,990) related morbidity cases had been avoided in 2017, leading to a total of US$ 317.7 million (95%CI: 227.5-458.1) in economic benefits. Decreasing PM_2.5 concentrations to 15??g/m³ would result in reductions of 70% in total PM_2.5-related non-accidental mortality and 95% in total PM_2.5-related morbidity, which translates into US$ 1,289.5 million (95%CI: 825.8-1,673.6) in economic benefits. The national and local air pollution control measures have brought significant environmental, health and economic benefits to a previously heavy polluted Chinese city.

SUBMITTER: Cui L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7096483 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Analyses of air pollution control measures and co-benefits in the heavily air-polluted Jinan city of China, 2013-2017.

Cui Liangliang L Zhou Jingwen J Peng Xiumiao X Ruan Shiman S Zhang Ying Y

Scientific reports 20200325 1

China has made great efforts in air pollution control since 2013. However, there is a lack of evaluation of environmental, health and economic co-benefits associated with the national and local air pollution control measures at a city level. We analyzed local air pollution control policies and implementation in Jinan, one of the most heavily air-polluted cities in China between 2013 and 2017. We assessed the changes in exhaust emissions, air quality, mortality and morbidity of associated specifi ...[more]

PMID: 32214211

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Project description:Risk-related information regarding air pollution can help people understand the risk involved and take preventive measures to reduce health loss. However, the health benefits through these protective behaviors and the health threat of information inequality have not been systematically measured. This article reports the health gains and losses caused by the interaction of "air pollution-air pollution information-human", and studies the heterogeneity and impact of this interaction. Based on field investigations and transfer learning algorism, this study compiled the first nationwide city-level risk-related information (ERI) response parameter set in China. Then, we developed a Information-Behavioral Equivalent PM2.5 Exposure Model (I-BEPEM) model to project the health benefits caused by the impact of environmental risk-related information on residents' protective behaviors under different scenarios. The protective behavior led by air pollution risk information reduces 5.7% PM2.5-related premature deaths per year. With a 1% increase in regional ERI reception, PM2.5-related premature mortality decreases by 0.1% on average; If the level of information perception and behavioral protection in all cities is the same as that in Beijing, PM2.5-related premature deaths will decrease by 6.9% annually in China. Further, changing the air quality standard issued by China to the American standard can reduce the overall PM2.5-related premature deaths by 9.9%. Meanwhile, compared with men, other age groups and rural residents, women, older persons, and urban residents are more likely to conceive risk information and adopt protective behaviors to reduce the risk of premature death from air pollution. Air pollution risk information can significantly reduce people's health loss. Changing the real-time air quality monitoring information indicator standard to a more stringent level can quickly and effectively enhance this effect. However, the uneven distribution of this information in regions and populations has resulted in the inequality of health gains and losses.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Environmental exposures are associated with a number of outcomes including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although inflammation is hypothesized to play a role, the mechanistic pathways between environmental exposures and adverse health outcomes, including associations between exposures and longitudinal measures of systemic and reproductive tract inflammation, need elucidation. OBJECTIVES:This study was conducted to evaluate whether exposure to air pollution is associated with immunologic responses in the systemic circulation and lower reproductive tract, and to evaluate whether systemic and reproductive tract immunologic responses are similar. METHODS:We quantified repeated measures of cytokines from cervico-vaginal exudates and serum obtained concurrently among 104 women with term pregnancies and estimated PM10 and CO exposure using the monitor nearest each participant's residence. Serum and cervico-vaginal cytokines were compared using Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and Spearman rank correlations for select gestational months. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to quantify reproducibility of cytokine measurements, and Tobit regression to estimate associations between air pollution and cytokines. RESULTS:Median cervico-vaginal levels of IL-6, Eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1?, MIP-1?, and TNF? were higher than corresponding serum cytokines, significantly so for IL-6 and IP-10. Cervico-vaginal and serum cytokines were not correlated, but cytokines from the same fluid were correlated. ICCs for most serum cytokines were ?0.40, while ICCs were higher in cervico-vaginal cytokines (range 0.52-0.83). IP-10 and Eotaxin had the highest ICCs for both cytokine sources. In adjusted models, PM10 was positively associated with serum cytokines IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1? and Eotaxin but inversely associated with cervico-vaginal cytokine TNF?, IP-10, MIP-1?, MCP-1 and Eotaxin, controlling for false discovery rate. CO was inversely associated with cervico-vaginal TNF?, IL-6, MIP-1?, MCP-1 and Eotaxin. CONCLUSIONS:Inflammatory processes are compartment-specific. Systemic inflammatory markers may provide information on immunologic processes and response to environmental exposures, but are not proxies for lower reproductive tract inflammation.

Dataset Information

Analyses of air pollution control measures and co-benefits in the heavily air-polluted Jinan city of China, 2013-2017.

Publications

Analyses of air pollution control measures and co-benefits in the heavily air-polluted Jinan city of China, 2013-2017.

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