Improved glucose tolerance with DPPIV inhibition requires ?-cell SENP1 amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

ABSTRACT: Pancreatic islet insulin secretion is amplified by both metabolic and receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The incretin-mimetic and DPPIV inhibitor anti-diabetic drugs increase insulin secretion, but in humans this can be variable both in vitro and in vivo. We examined the correlation of GLP-1 induced insulin secretion from human islets with key donor characteristics, glucose-responsiveness, and the ability of glucose to augment exocytosis in ?-cells. No clear correlation was observed between several donor or organ processing parameters and the ability of Exendin 4 to enhance insulin secretion. The ability of glucose to facilitate ?-cell exocytosis was, however, significantly correlated with responses to Exendin 4. We therefore studied the effect of impaired glucose-dependent amplification of insulin exocytosis on responses to DPPIV inhibition (MK-0626) in vivo using pancreas and ?-cell specific sentrin-specific protease-1 (SENP1) mice which exhibit impaired metabolic amplification of insulin exocytosis. Glucose tolerance was improved, and plasma insulin was increased, following either acute or 4 week treatment of wild-type (?SENP1^+/+ ) mice with MK-0626. This DPPIV inhibitor was ineffective in ?SENP1^+/- or ?SENP1^{- / -} mice. Finally, we confirm impaired exocytotic responses of ?-cells and reduced insulin secretion from islets of ?SENP1^{- / -} mice and show that the ability of Exendin 4 to enhance exocytosis is lost in these cells. Thus, an impaired ability of glucose to amplify insulin exocytosis results in a deficient effect of DPPIV inhibition to improve in vivo insulin responses and glucose tolerance.

SUBMITTER: Ferdaoussi M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7185381 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature