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Heme metabolism genes Downregulated in COPD Cachexia.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:Cachexia contributes to increased mortality and reduced quality of life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and may be associated with underlying gene expression changes. Our goal was to identify differential gene expression signatures associated with COPD cachexia in current and former smokers. METHODS:We analyzed whole-blood gene expression data from participants with COPD in a discovery cohort (COPDGene, N?=?400) and assessed replication (ECLIPSE, N?=?114). To approximate the consensus definition using available criteria, cachexia was defined as weight-loss >?5% in the past 12?months or low body mass index (BMI) (?5% in the past 12?months or low BMI and 3/5 criteria: decreased muscle strength, anorexia, abnormal biochemistry (anemia or high c-reactive protein (>?5?mg/l)), fatigue, and low FFMI. Differential gene expression was assessed between cachectic and non-cachectic subjects, adjusting for age, sex, white blood cell counts, and technical covariates. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using MSigDB. RESULTS:The prevalence of COPD cachexia was 13.7% in COPDGene and 7.9% in ECLIPSE. Fourteen genes were differentially downregulated in cachectic versus non-cachectic COPD patients in COPDGene (FDR?

SUBMITTER: Wilson AC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7193359 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Heme metabolism genes Downregulated in COPD Cachexia.

Wilson Ava C AC Kumar Preeti L PL Lee Sool S Parker Margaret M MM Arora Itika I Morrow Jarrett D JD Wouters Emiel F M EFM Casaburi Richard R Rennard Stephen I SI Lomas David A DA Agusti Alvar A Tal-Singer Ruth R Dransfield Mark T MT Wells J Michael JM Bhatt Surya P SP Washko George G Thannickal Victor J VJ Tiwari Hemant K HK Hersh Craig P CP Castaldi Peter J PJ Silverman Edwin K EK McDonald Merry-Lynn N MN

Respiratory research 20200501 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Cachexia contributes to increased mortality and reduced quality of life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and may be associated with underlying gene expression changes. Our goal was to identify differential gene expression signatures associated with COPD cachexia in current and former smokers.<h4>Methods</h4>We analyzed whole-blood gene expression data from participants with COPD in a discovery cohort (COPDGene, N = 400) and assessed replication (ECLIPSE, N = 1 ...[more]

PMID: 32354332

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Project description:BackgroundCancer cachexia is a metabolic disorder involving perturbed energy balance and altered mitochondrial function. Chemotherapy is a primary treatment option for many types of cancer, but there is substantial evidence that some chemotherapeutic agents can also lead to the development and progression of cachexia. In this study, we apply a comprehensive and systems level metabolomics approach to characterize the metabolic perturbations in murine models of cancer-induced and chemotherapy-induced cachexia. Knowledge of the unique pathways through which cancer and chemotherapy drive cachexia is necessary in order to develop effective treatments.MethodsThe murine Colon26 (C26) adenocarcinoma xenograft model was used to study the metabolic derangements associated with cancer-induced cachexia. In vivo administration of Folfiri (5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, and leucovorin) was used to model chemotherapy-induced cachexia. Comprehensive metabolic profiling was carried out using both nuclear magnetic resonance-based and mass spectrometry-based platforms. Analyses included plasma, muscle, and liver tissue to provide a systems level profiling.ResultsThe study involved four groups of CD2F1 male mice (n = 4-5), including vehicle treated (V), C26 tumour hosts (CC), Folfiri treated (F), and C26 tumour hosts treated with Folfiri (CCF). Significant weight loss including skeletal muscle was observed for each of the experimental groups with the tumour hosts showing the most dramatic change (-3.74 g vs. initial body weight in the CC group). Skeletal muscle loss was evident in all experimental groups compared with V, with the CCF combination resulting in the most severe depletion of quadriceps mass (-38% vs. V; P < 0.001). All experimental groups were characterized by an increased systemic glucose demand as evidenced by decreased levels of circulating glucose (-47% in CC vs. V; P < 0.001) and depletion of liver glucose (-51% in CC vs. V; P < 0.001) and glycogen (-74% in CC vs. V; P < 0.001). The cancer-induced and chemotherapy-induced cachexia models displayed unique alterations in flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β-oxidation pathways. Cancer-induced cachexia was uniquely characterized by a dramatic elevation in low-density lipoprotein particles (+6.9-fold vs. V; P < 0.001) and a significant increase in the inflammatory marker, GlycA (+33% vs. V; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrated for the first time that cancer-induced and chemotherapy-induced cachexia is characterized by a number of distinct metabolic derangements. Effective therapeutic interventions for cancer-induced and chemotherapy-induced cachexia must take into account the specific metabolic defects imposed by the pathological or pharmacological drivers of cachexia.

Project description:The kidney and bladder expresses a variety of powerful defense mechanisms to limit urinary infection including iron scavenging, a process called "nutritional immunity". We previously demonstrated that bladder and kidney epithelia generates the archetype of the urinary iron defense, a lipocalin called NGAL which binds Enterochelin, a bacterial siderophore. However, because urinary bacteria can evade the bacteriostatic effects of NGAL by modifying Enterochelin and by producing additional siderophores, other mechanisms of "nutritional immunity" are anticipated. To study the defense in the kidney, we used a cell type specific method of RNA isolation in mouse (adapted from Gay et al, Oregon). A promiscuous form of phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) was cloned into the Rosa26 locus using a floxed-stop design which we activated in a cell specific fashion with Atp6v1b1-Cre. Thiouracil was introduced 12hr and 24hrs after urinary tract infection. Isolation of RNA directly from intercalated revealed synthetic (Npas1-Bmal1-Alas), transport (Hrg1, Flvcr1) and metabolic enzymes (Hmox1) of heme metabolism. Hmox1 was detected in the kidney with a luciferase based reporter (Contag et al, Stanford) after infection. CO production was detected in vivo and in AtpCre-mTmG FACS isolated intercalated cells in vitro using a novel metal-based probe synthesized at Columbia (adapted from Liu et al, China). Urinary bacteria (UPEC) with heme transport mutations were not competitive in the colonization of the kidney but conversely were markedly stimulated by iron, suggesting bacterial-host competition for heme capture and metabolism. In fact, infection upregulated both heme synthetic and metabolic genes, suggesting that CO production is induced by infection. Exposure to CO terminated the growth of UPEC. In sum, we have identified an unusual iron trafficking system in the collecting ducts that mirrors the nutritional requirements of UPEC to achieve pyelonephritis. Many of these components are specific to the intercalated cells, consistent with the notion that these cells defend the urinary tract from infection.

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Heme metabolism genes Downregulated in COPD Cachexia.

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Heme metabolism genes Downregulated in COPD Cachexia.

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