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Influence of race on the effect of premature birth on salivary cortisol response to stress in adolescents.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Adolescents born preterm have altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function with a blunted cortisol stress response, however, the influences of intrauterine growth restriction and race are unclear. METHODS:We measured salivary cortisol before and 20?min after a maximal-exercise stress test and calculated the cortisol stress response. We used linear regression to compare cortisol stress responses between preterm and term groups, adjusting for birth weight z-score and maternal hypertension, and examined effect modification by race and sex. RESULTS:We evaluated 171 adolescents born preterm with very low birth weight and 50 born term. Adolescents born preterm had reduced cortisol stress response compared to term (0.03 vs. 0.08??g/dL, p?=?0.04). This difference was race dependent: non-Black adolescents born preterm had significantly reduced cortisol stress response compared to those born at term (adjusted ?: -0.74; 95% CI -1.34,?-0.15), while there was no difference in Black adolescents (0.53; -0.16,?1.22). Sex did not modify the relationship. CONCLUSIONS:Adolescents born preterm exhibit a reduced salivary cortisol response to exercise stress, suggesting long-term alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This relationship was evident in non-Black but not in Black adolescents, suggesting that race may modify the influence of preterm birth on stress alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

SUBMITTER: Brown CL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7196511 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Influence of race on the effect of premature birth on salivary cortisol response to stress in adolescents.

Brown Callie L CL Myers Katherine K South Andrew M AM Shaltout Hossam A HA Jensen Elizabeth T ET Nixon Patricia A PA Washburn Lisa K LK

Pediatric research 20191129 6

<h4>Background</h4>Adolescents born preterm have altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function with a blunted cortisol stress response, however, the influences of intrauterine growth restriction and race are unclear.<h4>Methods</h4>We measured salivary cortisol before and 20 min after a maximal-exercise stress test and calculated the cortisol stress response. We used linear regression to compare cortisol stress responses between preterm and term groups, adjusting for birth weight z-score ...[more]

PMID: 31783400

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Project description:Translators face hectic daily schedules with deadlines they must duly meet. As trainees they receive tuition on how to work swiftly to meet them efficiently. But despite the prominent role of time pressure, its effects on the translation process are still scarcely researched. Studies point to the higher occurrence of errors under stringent time constraints. Most of these studies use key-logging or eye-tracking techniques to identify the problems encountered. But no attempt has yet been made to measure the physiological effects of time pressure in English-to-Spanish translation and their interplay with trainees' psychological state. The present study researches the influence of time pressure on translation by exploring trainees' physiological response (i.e., salivary cortisol) and psychological traits (i.e., self-esteem and anxiety). 33 Spanish translation trainees translated 3 English literary texts under different time pressure conditions: Text 1 (no time limit), Text 2 (10 minutes), Text 3 (5 minutes). Regression analysis results showed that higher cortisol levels during preparation predicted higher number of meaning errors in Text 1 and lower number of translated words in Text 2 and 3. Besides, higher trait anxiety emerged as predictor of lower number of translated words, but higher accuracy under extreme time constraints and in the absence of time pressure. Higher self-esteem correlated with lower levels of anxiety and lower levels of cortisol during preparation and recovery, suggesting that it may act as a protective factor against stress. And yet, the regression analysis showed that higher self-esteem predicted lower meaning and total accuracy under extreme time pressure. Besides, in our correlation analysis self-esteem was positively related to the number of translated words in Text 2 and 3. Results suggest that even if self-esteem could be a protective factor against stress, it may also have a negative effect on task performance mediated by overconfidence.

Dataset Information

Influence of race on the effect of premature birth on salivary cortisol response to stress in adolescents.

Publications

Influence of race on the effect of premature birth on salivary cortisol response to stress in adolescents.

Similar Datasets

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