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Carbon Black-Doped Anatase TiO2 Nanorods for Solar Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue.

ABSTRACT: In this work, C-doped TiO2 nanorods were synthesized through doping carbon black into hydrothermally synthesized solid-state TiO2 nanowires (NWs) via calcination. The effects of carbon content on the morphology, phase structure, crystal structure, and photocatalytic property under both UV and solar light by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) were explored. Besides, the photoelectrochemical property of C-TiO2 was systematically studied to illustrate the solar light degradation mechanism. After doping with C, TiO2 NWs were reduced into nanorods and the surface became rough with dispersed particles. Results showed that C has successfully entered the TiO2 lattice, resulting in the lattice distortion, reduction of band gap, and the formation of C-Ti-O, which expands TiO2 to solar light activation. Comparing with P25 and anatase TiO2 NWs, doping with carbon black showed much higher UV light and solar light photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity was characterized via the degradation of MB, showing that K ap was 0.0328 min-1 under solar light, while 0.1634 min-1 under UV irradiation. The main free radicals involved in methylene blue degradation are H+ and OH•-. Doping with carbon black led to the reduction of photocurrent in a long-term operation, while C-doping reduced the electron-hole recombination and enhanced the carrier migration.

SUBMITTER: Li W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7203985 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Solar Light-Induced Methylene Blue Removal over TiO2/AC Composites and Photocatalytic Regeneration.

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Photocatalytic Degradation of 4,4'-Isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol) on Sulfur-Doped Nano TiO2.

Project description:In present work, we examine the photocatalytic properties of S-doped TiO2 (S1, S2) compared to bare TiO2 (S0) in present work. The photocatalytic tests were performed in alkaline aqueous solutions (pH = 10) of three differently substituted phenols (phenol (I), 4,4'-isopropylidenebisphenol (II), and 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol) (III)). The activity of the catalysts was evaluated by monitoring I, II, III degradation in the reaction mixture. The physicochemical properties (particle size, ζ-potential, Ebg, Eu, E0cb, E0vb, σo, KL) of the catalysts were established, and we demonstrated their influence on degradation reaction kinetics. Substrate degradation rates are consistent with first-order kinetics. The apparent conversion constants of the tested compounds (kapp) in all cases reveal the sulfur-loaded catalyst S2 to show the best photocatalytic activity (for compound I and II S1 and S2 are similarly effective). The different efficiency of photocatalytic degradation I, II and III can be explained by the interactions between the catalyst and the substrate solution. The presence of bromine substituents in the benzene ring additionally allows reduction reactions. The yield of bromide ion release in the degradation reaction III corresponds to the Langmuir constant. The mixed oxidation-reduction degradation mechanism results in higher degradation efficiency. In general, the presence of sulfur atoms in the catalyst network improves the degradation efficiency, but too much sulfur is not desired for the reduction pathway.

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Project description:As one of the most important photocatalysts, TiO2 has triggered broad interest and intensive studies for decades. Observation of the interfacial reactions between water and TiO2 at microscopic scale can provide key insight into the mechanisms of photocatalytic processes. Currently, experimental methodologies for characterizing photocatalytic reactions of anatase TiO2 are mostly confined to water vapor or single molecule chemistry. Here, we investigate the photocatalytic reaction of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles in water using liquid environmental transmission electron microscopy. A self-hydrogenated shell is observed on the TiO2 surface before the generation of hydrogen bubbles. First-principles calculations suggest that this shell is formed through subsurface diffusion of photo-reduced water protons generated at the aqueous TiO2 interface, which promotes photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by reducing the activation barrier for H2 (H-H bond) formation. Experiments confirm that the self-hydrogenated shell contains reduced titanium ions, and its thickness can increase to several nanometers with increasing UV illuminance.

| S-EPMC6048119 | biostudies-literature

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using eco-friendly synthesized rGO@ZnO nanocomposites.

Project description:Industrial chemical pollutants such as methylene blue (MB) dye are released into the water body and potentially cause harm to the human and aquatic biosphere. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize eco-friendly nanocatalysts, i.e., reduced graphene oxide (rGO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and reduced graphene oxide-zinc oxide (rGO@ZnO) nanocomposites, for efficient photocatalytic degradation of MB dye. A graphite rod was obtained from waste dry cell batteries for the electrochemical exfoliation synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and rGO. For the eco-friendly synthesis of ZnO and rGO@ZnO nanocatalysts, Croton macrostachyus leaf extract was used as a reducing and capping agent. The synthesized nanocatalysts were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray. The eco-friendly synthesized rGO, ZnO, and rGO@ZnO nanocatalysts were applied for the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye using direct sunlight irradiation. At optimum parameters, photocatalytic degradation of MB dye efficiency reached up to 66%, 96.5%, and 99.0%, respectively. Furthermore, kinetics of the photodegradation reaction based on rGO, ZnO, and rGO@ZnO nanocatalysts follow pseudo-first-order with a rate constant of 2.16 × 10-3 min-1, 4.97 × 10-3 min-1, and 5.03 × 10-3 min-1, respectively. Lastly, this study promotes a low catalyst load (20 mg) for the efficient photodegradation of MB dye.

| S-EPMC10721910 | biostudies-literature

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