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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas.

ABSTRACT: Commercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the multivariate data analysis exposed qualitative and quantitative differences between HBM and FM composition as well as within FM of various brands and in HBM itself (between individual mothers and lactation period). Several metabolites were found exclusively in HBM and FM. Statistically significant higher levels of isoleucine and methionine in their free form were detected in FM samples based on caprine milk, while FM samples based on bovine milk showed a higher level of glucose and galactose in comparison to HBM. The results suggest that the amelioration of FM formulation is imperative to better mimic the composition of minor nutrients in HBM.

SUBMITTER: Garwolinska D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7230615 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas.

Garwolińska Dorota D Hewelt-Belka Weronika W Kot-Wasik Agata A Sundekilde Ulrik Kræmer UK

Nutrients 20200327 4

Commercial formula milk (FM) constitutes the best alternative to fulfill the nutritional requirements of infants when breastfeeding is precluded. Here, we present the comparative study of polar metabolite composition of human breast milk (HBM) and seven different brands of FM by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results of the multivariate data analysis exposed qualitative and quantitative differences between HBM and FM composition as well as within FM of various brands and in HBM its ...[more]

PMID: 32230787

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Project description:UnlabelledDengue, due to its global burden, is the most important arthropod-borne flavivirus disease, and early detection lowers fatality rates to below 1%. Since the metabolic resources crucial for viral replication are provided by host cells, detection of changes in the metabolic profile associated with disease pathogenesis could help with the identification of markers of prognostic and diagnostic importance. We applied (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance exploratory metabolomics to study longitudinal changes in plasma metabolites in a cohort in Recife, Brazil. To gain statistical power, we used innovative paired multivariate analyses to discriminate individuals with primary and secondary infection presenting as dengue fever (DF; mild) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF; severe) and subjects with a nonspecific nondengue (ND) illness (ND subjects). Our results showed that a decrease in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) discriminated dengue virus (DENV)-infected subjects from ND subjects, and also, subjects with severe infection even presented a decrease in lipoprotein concentrations compared to the concentrations in subjects with mild infection. These results add to the ongoing discussion that the manipulation of lipid metabolism is crucial for DENV replication and infection. In addition, a decrease in plasma glutamine content was characteristic of DENV infection and disease severity, and an increase in plasma acetate levels discriminated subjects with DF and DHF from ND subjects. Several other metabolites shown to be altered in DENV infection and the implications of these alterations are discussed. We hypothesize that these changes in the plasma metabolome are suggestive of liver dysfunction, could provide insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of dengue virus pathogenesis, and could help to discriminate individuals at risk of the development of severe infection and predict disease outcome.ImportanceDengue, due to its global burden, is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease. There is no specific treatment for dengue disease, and early detection lowers fatality rates to below 1%. In this study, we observed the effects of dengue virus infection on the profile of small molecules in the blood of patients with mild and severe infection. Variations in the profiles of these small molecules reflected the replication of dengue virus in different tissues and the extent of tissue damage during infection. The results of this study showed that the molecules that changed the most were VLDL, LDL, and amino acids. We propose that these changes reflect liver dysfunction and also that they can be used to discriminate subjects with mild dengue from those with severe dengue.

Dataset Information

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas.

Publications

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics Reveals Qualitative and Quantitative Differences in the Composition of Human Breast Milk and Milk Formulas.

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