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Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro.

ABSTRACT: It has been widely shown that biomaterial surface topography can modulate host immune response, but a fundamental understanding of how different topographies contribute to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses is still lacking. To investigate the impact of surface topography on immune response, we undertook a systematic approach by analyzing immune response to eight grades of medical grade polyurethane of increasing surface roughness in three in vitro models of the human immune system. Polyurethane specimens were produced with defined roughness values by injection molding according to the VDI 3400 industrial standard. Specimens ranged from 0.1 ?m to 18??m in average roughness (Ra), which was confirmed by confocal scanning microscopy. Immunological responses were assessed with THP-1-derived macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and whole blood following culture on polyurethane specimens. As shown by the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in all three models, a mild immune response to polyurethane was observed, however, this was not associated with the degree of surface roughness. Likewise, the cell morphology (cell spreading, circularity, and elongation) in THP-1-derived macrophages and the expression of CD molecules in the PBMC model on T cells (HLA-DR and CD16), NK cells (HLA-DR), and monocytes (HLA-DR, CD16, CD86, and CD163) showed no influence of surface roughness. In summary, this study shows that modifying surface roughness in the micrometer range on polyurethane has no impact on the pro-inflammatory immune response. Therefore, we propose that such modifications do not affect the immunocompatibility of polyurethane, thereby supporting the notion of polyurethane as a biocompatible material.

SUBMITTER: Segan S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7240656 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses <i>in vitro</i>.

Segan Sören S Jakobi Meike M Khokhani Paree P Klimosch Sascha S Billing Florian F Schneider Markus M Martin Dagmar D Metzger Ute U Biesemeier Antje A Xiong Xin X Mukherjee Ashutosh A Steuer Heiko H Keller Bettina-Maria BM Joos Thomas T Schmolz Manfred M Rothbauer Ulrich U Hartmann Hanna H Burkhardt Claus C Lorenz Günter G Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole N Shipp Christopher C

BioMed research international 20200511

It has been widely shown that biomaterial surface topography can modulate host immune response, but a fundamental understanding of how different topographies contribute to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses is still lacking. To investigate the impact of surface topography on immune response, we undertook a systematic approach by analyzing immune response to eight grades of medical grade polyurethane of increasing surface roughness in three <i>in vitro</i> models of the human immune ...[more]

PMID: 32461979

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Project description:BackgroundTitanium implants that have been grit-blasted and acid-etched to produce a rough microtopography support more bone integration than do smooth-surfaced implants. In vitro studies have suggested that this is due to a stimulatory effect on osteoblasts. It is not known if grit-blasted and acid-etched Ti6Al4V implants also stimulate osteoblasts and increase bone formation clinically. In this study, we examined the effects of micrometer-scale-structured Ti6Al4V surfaces on cell responses in vitro and on tissue responses in vivo.MethodsTi6Al4V disks were either machined to produce smooth surfaces with an average roughness (Ra) of 0.2 microm or grit-blasted, resulting in an Ra of 2.0, 3.0, or 3.3 microm. Human osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the disks and on tissue culture polystyrene. The cell number, markers of osteoblast differentiation, and levels of local factors in the conditioned media were determined at confluence. In addition, Ti6Al4V pedicle screws with smooth or rough surfaces were implanted into the L4 and L5 vertebrae of fifteen two-year-old sheep. Osteointegration was evaluated at twelve weeks with histomorphometry and on the basis of removal torque.ResultsThe cell numbers on the Ti6Al4V surfaces were lower than those on the tissue culture polystyrene; the effect was greatest on the roughest surface. The alkaline-phosphatase-specific activity of cell lysates was decreased in a surface-dependent manner, whereas osteocalcin, prostaglandin E(2), transforming growth factor-beta1, and osteoprotegerin levels were higher on the rough surfaces. Bone-implant contact was greater around the rough-surfaced Ti6Al4V screws, and the torque needed to remove the rough screws from the bone was more than twice that required to remove the smooth screws.ConclusionsIncreased micrometer-scale surface roughness increases osteoblast differentiation and local factor production in vitro, which may contribute to increased bone formation and osteointegration in vivo. There was a correlation between in vitro and in vivo observations, indicating that the use of screws with rough surfaces will result in better bone-implant contact and implant stability.

Dataset Information

Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro.

Publications

Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses <i>in vitro</i>.

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