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Plant-parasite coevolution: A weak signature of local adaptation between Peruvian Globodera pallida populations and wild potatoes.

ABSTRACT: Plant-parasite coevolution has generated much interest and studies to understand and manage diseases in agriculture. Such a reciprocal evolutionary process could lead to a pattern of local adaptation between plants and parasites. Based on the phylogeography of each partner, the present study tested the hypothesis of local adaptation between the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and wild potatoes in Peru. The measured fitness trait was the hatching of cysts which is induced by host root exudates. Using a cross-hatching assay between 13 populations of G. pallida and root exudates from 12 wild potatoes, our results did not show a strong pattern of local adaptation of the parasite but the sympatric combinations induced better hatching of cysts than allopatric combinations, and there was a negative relationship between the hatching percentage and the geographical distance between nematode populations and wild potatoes. Moreover, a strong effect of the geographic origin of root exudates was found, with root exudates from south of Peru inducing better hatching than root exudates from north of Peru. These results could be useful to develop new biocontrol products or potato cultivars to limit damages caused by G. pallida.

SUBMITTER: Gautier C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7244796 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Globodera pallida transcriptomics

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Project description:Globodera pallida is among the most significant plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, causing major damage to potato production. Since it was discovered in Idaho in 2006, eradication efforts have aimed to contain and eradicate G. pallida through phytosanitary action and soil fumigation. In this study, we investigated genome-wide patterns of G. pallida genetic variation across Idaho fields to evaluate whether the infestation resulted from a single or multiple introduction(s) and to investigate potential evolutionary responses since the time of infestation. A total of 53 G. pallida samples (~1,042,000 individuals) were collected and analyzed, representing five different fields in Idaho, a greenhouse population, and a field in Scotland that was used for external comparison. According to genome-wide allele frequency and fixation index (Fst) analyses, most of the genetic variation was shared among the G. pallida populations in Idaho fields pre-fumigation, indicating that the infestation likely resulted from a single introduction. Temporal patterns of genome-wide polymorphisms involving (1) pre-fumigation field samples collected in 2007 and 2014 and (2) pre- and post-fumigation samples revealed nucleotide variants (SNPs, single-nucleotide polymorphisms) with significantly differentiated allele frequencies indicating genetic differentiation. This study provides insights into the genetic origins and adaptive potential of G. pallida invading new environments.

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