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PbS Nanoparticles Prepared Using 1, 10-Phenanthroline Adduct of Lead(II) Bis(N-alkyl-N-phenyl dithiocarbamate) as Single Source Precursors.

ABSTRACT: Dithiocarbamate complexes have remained prominent as single source precursors for the synthesis of clean metal sulfide nanoparticles. This study reports the synthesis of lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles using some novel complexes of 1, 10-phenanthroline lead(II) bis(N-alkyl-N-phenyl dithiocarbamate), represented as [Pb(L¹)₂phen] (1) and [Pb(L²)₂phen] (2) (where L¹ = bis(N-ethyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate; L² = bis(N-butyl-N-phenyldithiocarbamate); phen = 1, 10 phenanthroline) as a single source precursors. The complexes (1 and 2) were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The nanoparticles were synthesized via a solvothermal approach in oleylamine, used as a capping agent, and were given as PbS(1) and PbS(2) from [Pb(L¹)₂phen] (1) and [Pb(L²)₂phen] (2), respectively, which were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and absorption spectroscopy. The diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of face-centered cubic phase PbS nanoparticles with a preferential growth orientation along the (200) plane. The TEM images showed that PbS(1) were of a spherical morphology, while the morphology of PbS(2) tended to produce short rods. This was due to variation in the functional group on the precursor compounds. This variation also resulted in the different band gap energies found such as 1.148 and 1.107 eV for PbS(1) and PbS(2), respectively, indicating a blue shift from the bulk.

SUBMITTER: Adeyemi JO

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7248792 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Nanoparticulate iron sulfides have many potential applications and are also proposed to be prebiotic catalysts for the reduction of CO2 to biologically important molecules, thus the development of reliable routes to specific phases with controlled sizes and morphologies is important. Here we focus on the use of iron dithiocarbamate complexes as single source precursors (SSPs) to generate greigite and pyrrhotite nanoparticles. Since these minerals contain both iron(iii) and iron(ii) centres, SSPs in both oxidation states, [Fe(S2CNR2)3] and cis-[Fe(CO)2(S2CNR2)2] respectively, have been utilised. Use of this Fe(ii) precursor is novel and it readily loses both carbonyls in a single step (as shown by TGA measurements) providing an in situ source of the extremely air-sensitive Fe(ii) dithiocarbamate complexes [Fe(S2CNR2)2]. Decomposition of [Fe(S2CNR2)3] alone in oleylamine affords primarily pyrrhotite, although by careful control of reaction conditions (ca. 230 °C, 40-50 nM SSP) a window exists in which pure greigite nanoparticles can be isolated. With cis-[Fe(CO)2(S2CNR2)2] we were unable to produce pure greigite, with pyrrhotite formation dominating, a similar situation being found with mixtures of Fe(ii) and Fe(iii) precursors. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies showed that heating [Fe(S2CNiBu2)3] in oleylamine resulted in amine coordination and, at ca. 60 °C, reduction of Fe(iii) to Fe(ii) with (proposed) elimination of thiuram disulfide (S2CNR2)2. We thus carried out a series of decomposition studies with added thiuram disulfide (R = iBu) and found that addition of 1-2 equivalents led to the formation of pure greigite nanoparticles between 230 and 280 °C with low SSP concentrations. Average particle size does not vary significantly with increasing concentration, thus providing a convenient route to ca. 40 nm greigite nanoparticles. In situ XAS studies have been carried out and allow a decomposition pathway for [Fe(S2CNiBu2)3] in oleylamine to be established; reduction of Fe(iii) to Fe(ii) reduction triggers substitution of the secondary amide backbone by oleylamine (RNH2) resulting in the in situ formation of a primary dithiocarbamate derivative [Fe(RNH2)2(S2CNHR)2]. This in turn extrudes RNCS to afford molecular precursors of the observed FeS nanomaterials. The precise role of thiuram disulfide in the decomposition process is unknown, but it likely plays a part in controlling the Fe(iii)-Fe(ii) equilibrium and may also act as a source of sulfur allowing control over the Fe : S ratio in the mineral products.

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PbS Nanoparticles Prepared Using 1, 10-Phenanthroline Adduct of Lead(II) Bis(N-alkyl-N-phenyl dithiocarbamate) as Single Source Precursors.

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