Lung IFNAR1hi TNFR2+ cDC2 promotes lung regulatory T cells induction and maintains lung mucosal tolerance at steady state.

ABSTRACT: The lung is a naturally tolerogenic organ. Lung regulatory T cells (T-regs) control lung mucosal tolerance. Here, we identified a lung IFNAR1hiTNFR2+ conventional DC2 (iR2D2) population that induces T-regs in the lung at steady state. Using conditional knockout mice, adoptive cell transfer, receptor blocking antibodies, and TNFR2 agonist, we showed that iR2D2 is a lung microenvironment-adapted dendritic cell population whose residence depends on the constitutive TNFR2 signaling. IFN?-IFNAR1 signaling in iR2D2 is necessary and sufficient for T-regs induction in the lung. The Epcam+CD45- epithelial cells are the sole lung IFN? producer at the steady state. Surprisingly, iR2D2 is plastic. In a house dust mite model of asthma, iR2D2 generates lung TH2 responses. Last, healthy human lungs have a phenotypically similar tolerogenic iR2D2 population, which became pathogenic in lung disease patients. Our findings elucidate lung epithelial cells IFN?-iR2D2-T-regs axis in controlling lung mucosal tolerance and provide new strategies for therapeutic interventions.

SUBMITTER: Mansouri S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7311323 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature