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Cell Membrane-Based Biomimetic Nanoparticles and the Immune System: Immunomodulatory Interactions to Therapeutic Applications.

ABSTRACT: Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been synthesized from a wide array of materials. The therapeutic success of these platforms hinges upon their ability to favorably interact with the biological environment (both systemically and locally) and recognize the diseased target tissue. The immune system, composed of a highly coordinated organization of cells trained to recognize foreign bodies, represents a key mediator of these interactions. Although components of this system may act as a barrier to nanoparticle (NP) delivery, the immune system can also be exploited to target and trigger signaling cues that facilitate the therapeutic response stemming from systemic administration of NPs. The nano-bio interface represents the key facilitator of this communication exchange, where the surface properties of NPs govern their in vivo fate. Cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles have emerged as one approach to achieve targeted drug delivery by actively engaging and communicating with the biological milieu. In this review, we will highlight the relationship between these biomimetic nanoparticles and the immune system, emphasizing the role of tuning the nano-bio interface in the immunomodulation of diseases. We will also discuss the therapeutic applications of this approach with biomimetic nanoparticles, focusing on specific diseases ranging from cancer to infectious diseases. Lastly, we will provide a critical evaluation on the current state of this field of cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles and its future directions in immune-based therapy.

SUBMITTER: Sushnitha M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7311577 | biostudies-literature | 2020

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cell Membrane-Based Biomimetic Nanoparticles and the Immune System: Immunomodulatory Interactions to Therapeutic Applications.

Sushnitha Manuela M Evangelopoulos Michael M Tasciotti Ennio E Taraballi Francesca F

Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 20200617

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been synthesized from a wide array of materials. The therapeutic success of these platforms hinges upon their ability to favorably interact with the biological environment (both systemically and locally) and recognize the diseased target tissue. The immune system, composed of a highly coordinated organization of cells trained to recognize foreign bodies, represents a key mediator of these interactions. Although components of this system may act as a ...[more]

PMID: 32626700

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Project description:Purpose:The antitumoral effect of ATP requires its accumulation in the extracellular space to interact with membrane receptors in target cells. We propose the use of albumin nanoparticles (ANPs) coated with erythrocyte membranes (EMs) to load, deliver, release, and enhance the extracellular anticancer activity of ATP. Materials and methods:ANPs were synthesized by desolvation method and optimal values of pH, albumin concentration, and ethanol volume were determined. EMs were derived from erythrocyte lysates and were coated on to ANPs using an extruder. Size was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hydrodynamic size and zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering. Coating of the ANPs with the EMs was verified by TEM and confocal microscopy. Nanoparticle cell uptake was analyzed by confocal microscopy using HeLa and HEK-293 cell cultures treated with nanoparticles stained with 1,1'-diocta-decyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate salt (DiD) for EM-ANPs and Alexa 488 for ANPs. Cell viability was analyzed by [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays. Results:Optimal values of ANP preparation were as follows: pH=9, 10 mg/mL albumin concentration, and 2.33±0.04 mL ethanol volume. Size distributions as analyzed by TEM were as follows: ANPs =91.9±4.3 nm and EM-ANPs =98.3±5.1 nm; hydrodynamic sizes: ANPs =180.5±6.8 nm and EM-ANPs =197.8±3.2 nm; and zeta potentials: ANPs =17.8±3.5 mV, ANPs+ATP =-13.60±0.48 and EM-ANPs =-13.7±2.9 mV. The EMs coating the ANPs were observed by TEM and confocal microscopy. A fewer number of internalized EM-ANPs+ATP compared to non-coated ANPs+ATP was observed in HeLa and HEK-293 cells. Cell viability decreased up to 48.6%±2.0% with a concentration of 400 µM ATP after 72 hours of treatment and cell death is caused mainly via apoptosis. Conclusion:Our current results show that it is possible to obtain nanoparticles from highly biocompatible, biodegradable materials and that their coating with EMs allows the regulation of the internalization process in order to promote extracellular activity of ATP.

Dataset Information

Cell Membrane-Based Biomimetic Nanoparticles and the Immune System: Immunomodulatory Interactions to Therapeutic Applications.

Publications

Cell Membrane-Based Biomimetic Nanoparticles and the Immune System: Immunomodulatory Interactions to Therapeutic Applications.

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