Lesions of Mycobacterium avium spp. hominissuis Infection Resembling M. bovis Lesions in a Wild Mule Deer, Canada1.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Frayne KMF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7323542 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is one of the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogens responsible for chronic lung disease in humans. It is widely distributed in biofilms in natural and living environments. It is considered to be transmitted from the environment. Despite its importance in public health, the ultrastructure of the MAH biofilm remains largely unknown. The ultrastructure of a MAH-containing multispecies biofilm that formed naturally in a bathtub inlet was herein reported along with those of monoculture biofilms developed from microcolonies and pellicles formed in the laboratory. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an essentially multilayered bathtub biofilm that was packed with cocci and short and long rods connected by an extracellular matrix (ECM). Scattered mycobacterium-like rod-shaped cells were observed around biofilm chunks. The MAH monoculture biofilms that developed from microcolonies in vitro exhibited an assembly of flat layers covered with thin film-like ECM membranes. Numerous small bacterial cells (0.76±0.19 μm in length) were observed, but not embedded in ECM. A glycopeptidolipid-deficient strain did not develop the layered ECM membrane architecture, suggesting its essential role in the development of biofilms. The pellicle biofilm also consisted of flat layered cells covered with an ECM membrane and small cells. MAH alone generated a flat layered biofilm covered with an ECM membrane. This unique structure may be suitable for resistance to water flow and disinfectants and the exclusion of fast-growing competitors, and small cells in biofilms may contribute to the formation and transmission of bioaerosols.
| S-EPMC7966947 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Infection with Mycobacterium avium is a significant cause of morbidity and its treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics for more than 12 months. In the current work, we provide the genome sequence, gene annotations, gene ontology annotations, and protein homology data for M. avium strain 109 (MAC109), which has been used extensively in preclinical studies. The de novo assembled genome consists of a circular chromosome of length 5,188,883?bp and two circular plasmids of sizes 147,100?bp and 16,516?bp. We have named the plasmids pMAC109a and pMAC109b, respectively. Based on its genome, we confirm that MAC109 should be classified as Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis. Using genome annotation software, we identified 4,841 coding sequences and annotated these with Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Additionally, we wrote software to generate a database of homologous proteins among MAC109 and eight other commonly used mycobacterial laboratory strains. The resulting database may be useful for translating genetic data between various strains of mycobacteria, and the software may be applied readily to other organisms.
| S-EPMC6278689 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We have cultured Mycobacteria avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) from the blood of a patient with Crohn's disease. The patient is a 21 year-old-female with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease for two years. She had been treated with corticosteroids and Humira for six months. A blood specimen was cultured in a specialized medium, and there was visible bacterial growth present in the liquid culture medium after eight weeks. PCR analysis of the bacterial growth and subsequent direct sequencing of the PCR amplicon confirmed the presence of MAH. The significance of this finding is discussed.
| S-EPMC5714243 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC2600286 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis is an opportunistic pathogen present in soil and dust. We report M. avium subsp. hominissuis infection found in a domestic rabbit in Hannover, Germany, in May 2017.
| S-EPMC5823350 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) causes mainly two types of disease. The first is disseminated disease in immunocompromised hosts, such as individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The second is pulmonary disease in individuals without systemic immunosuppression, and the incidence of this type is increasing worldwide. M. avium subsp. hominissuis, a component of MAC, causes infection in pigs as well as in humans. Many aspects of the different modes of M. avium infection and its host specificity remain unclear. Here, we report the characteristics and complete sequence of a novel plasmid, designated pMAH135, derived from M. avium strain TH135 in an HIV-negative patient with pulmonary MAC disease. The pMAH135 plasmid consists of 194,711 nucleotides with an average G + C content of 66.5% and encodes 164 coding sequences (CDSs). This plasmid was unique in terms of its homology to other mycobacterial plasmids. Interestingly, it contains CDSs with sequence homology to mycobactin biosynthesis proteins and type VII secretion system-related proteins, which are involved in the pathogenicity of mycobacteria. It also contains putative conserved domains of the multidrug efflux transporter. Screening of isolates from humans and pigs for genes located on pMAH135 revealed that the detection rate of these genes was higher in clinical isolates from pulmonary MAC disease patients than in those from HIV-positive patients, whereas the genes were almost entirely absent in isolates from pigs. Moreover, variable number tandem repeats typing analysis showed that isolates carrying pMAH135 genes are grouped in a specific cluster. Collectively, the pMAH135 plasmid contains genes associated with M. avium's pathogenicity and resistance to antimicrobial agents. The results of this study suggest that pMAH135 influence not only the pathological manifestations of MAC disease, but also the host specificity of MAC infection.
| S-EPMC4324632 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections caused by the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) are currently receiving renewed attention due to increased incidence combined with difficult treatment. Insights into the disease-causing mechanisms of this species have been hampered by difficulties in genetic manipulation of the bacteria. Here, we identified and sequenced a highly transformable, virulent MAH clinical isolate susceptible to high-density transposon mutagenesis, facilitating global gene disruption and subsequent investigation of MAH gene function. By transposon insertion sequencing (TnSeq) of this strain, we defined the MAH genome-wide genetic requirement for virulence and in vitro growth and organized ?3,500 identified transposon mutants for hypothesis-driven research. The majority (96%) of the genes we identified as essential for MAH in vitro had a mutual ortholog in the related and highly virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, passaging our library through a mouse model of infection revealed a substantial number (54% of total hits) of novel virulence genes. More than 97% of the MAH virulence genes had a mutual ortholog in Mtb Finally, we validated novel genes required for successful MAH infection: one encoding a probable major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter and another encoding a hypothetical protein located in the immediate vicinity of six other identified virulence genes. In summary, we provide new, fundamental insights into the underlying genetic requirement of MAH for growth and host infection.IMPORTANCE Pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria is increasing worldwide. The majority of these infections are caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), whereof >90% are due to Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH). Treatment of MAH infections is currently difficult, with a combination of antibiotics given for at least 12?months. To control MAH by improved therapy, prevention, and diagnostics, we need to understand the underlying mechanisms of infection. Here, we provide crucial insights into MAH's global genetic requirements for growth and infection. We find that the vast majority of genes required for MAH growth and virulence (96% and 97%, respectively) have mutual orthologs in the tuberculosis-causing pathogen M. tuberculosis (Mtb). However, we also find growth and virulence genes specific to MAC species. Finally, we validate novel mycobacterial virulence factors that might serve as future drug targets for MAH-specific treatment or translate to broader treatment of related mycobacterial diseases.
| S-EPMC6906737 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study is to investigate the protein expression level difference between Mycobacterium avium hominissuis wild type strain MAH-104 , its mutant 21m (gene lysX (MAV_3128) mutated - Lysyl tRNA synthetase) and the complemented strain 21c (MAV_3128comp) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based label free quantitative proteomics analysis.
2018-02-26 | PXD006470 | Pride
Project description:Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is one of the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial species responsible for chronic lung disease in humans. Despite increasing worldwide incidence, little is known about the genetic mechanisms behind the population evolution of MAH. To elucidate the local adaptation mechanisms of MAH, we assessed genetic population structure, the mutual homologous recombination, and gene content for 36 global MAH isolates, including 12 Japanese isolates sequenced in the present study. We identified five major MAH lineages and found that extensive mutual homologous recombination occurs among them. Two lineages (MahEastAsia1 and MahEastAsia2) were predominant in the Japanese isolates. We identified alleles unique to these two East Asian lineages in the loci responsible for trehalose biosynthesis (treS and mak) and in one mammalian cell entry operon, which presumably originated from as yet undiscovered mycobacterial lineages. Several genes and alleles unique to East Asian strains were located in the fragments introduced via recombination between East Asian lineages, suggesting implication of recombination in local adaptation. These patterns of MAH genomes are consistent with the signature of distribution conjugative transfer, a mode of sexual reproduction reported for other mycobacterial species.
| S-EPMC5622343 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis (previously Mycobacterium avium subsp avium) is an environmental organism associated with opportunistic infections in humans. Mycobacterium hominissuis infects and replicates within mononuclear phagocytes. Previous study characterized an attenuated mutant in which the PPE gene (MAV_2928) homologous to Rv1787 was inactivated. This mutant, in contrast to the wild-type bacterium, was shown both to have impaired the ability to replicate within macrophages and to have prevented phagosome/lysosome fusion.MAV_2928 gene is primarily upregulated upon phagocytosis. The transcriptional profile of macrophages infected with the wild-type bacterium and the mutant were examined using DNA microarray, which showed that the two bacteria interact uniquely with mononuclear phagocytes. Based on the results, it was hypothesized that the phagosome environment and vacuole membrane of the wild-type bacterium might differ from the mutant. Wild-type bacterium phagosomes expressed a number of proteins different from those infected with the mutant. Proteins on the phagosomes were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot. The environment in the phagosome of macrophages infected with the mutant differed from the environment of vacuoles with M. hominissuis wild-type in the concentration of zinc, manganese, calcium and potassium.The results suggest that the MAV_2928 gene/operon might participate in the establishment of bacterial intracellular environment in macrophages.
| S-EPMC2882924 | biostudies-literature