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Sensor-mediated granular sludge reactor for nitrogen removal and reduced aeration demand using a dilute wastewater.

ABSTRACT: A sensor-mediated strategy was applied to a laboratory-scale granular sludge reactor (GSR) to demonstrate that energy-efficient inorganic nitrogen removal is possible with a dilute mainstream wastewater. The GSR was fed a dilute wastewater designed to simulate an A-stage mainstream anaerobic treatment process. DO, pH, and ammonia/nitrate sensors measured water quality as part of a real-time control strategy that resulted in low-energy nitrogen removal. At a low COD (0.2 kg m-3 day-1 ) and ammonia (0.1 kg-N m-3 day-1 ) load, the average degree of ammonia oxidation was 86.2 ± 3.2% and total inorganic nitrogen removal was 56.7 ± 2.9% over the entire reactor operation. Aeration was controlled using a DO setpoint, with and without residual ammonia control. Under both strategies, maintaining a low bulk oxygen level (0.5 mg/L) and alternating aerobic/anoxic cycles resulted in a higher level of nitrite accumulation and supported shortcut inorganic nitrogen removal by suppressing nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Furthermore, coupling a DO setpoint aeration strategy with residual ammonia control resulted in more stable nitritation and improved aeration efficiency. The results show that sensor-mediated controls, especially coupled with a DO setpoint and residual ammonia controls, are beneficial for maintaining stable aerobic granular sludge. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Tight sensor-mediated aeration control is need for better PN/A. Low DO intermittent aeration with minimum ammonium residual results in a stable N removal. Low DO aeration results in a stable NOB suppression. Using sensor-mediated aeration control in a granular sludge reactor reduces aeration cost.

SUBMITTER: Bekele ZA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7383604 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sensor-mediated granular sludge reactor for nitrogen removal and reduced aeration demand using a dilute wastewater.

Bekele Zerihun A ZA Delgado Vela Jeseth J Bott Charles B CB Love Nancy G NG

Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation 20200205 7

A sensor-mediated strategy was applied to a laboratory-scale granular sludge reactor (GSR) to demonstrate that energy-efficient inorganic nitrogen removal is possible with a dilute mainstream wastewater. The GSR was fed a dilute wastewater designed to simulate an A-stage mainstream anaerobic treatment process. DO, pH, and ammonia/nitrate sensors measured water quality as part of a real-time control strategy that resulted in low-energy nitrogen removal. At a low COD (0.2 kg m<sup>-3</sup> day<su ...[more]

PMID: 31954086

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Project description:IntroductionThe expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) is a major form of anaerobic digestion system during wastewater treatment. Yet, the dynamics of microbial and viral communities and members functioning in nitrogen cycling along with monthly changing physicochemical properties have not been well elucidated.MethodsHere, by collecting the anaerobic activated sludge samples from a continuously operating industrial-scale EGSB reactor, we conducted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and metagenome sequencing to reveal the microbial community structure and variation with the ever-changing physicochemical properties along within a year.ResultsWe observed a clear monthly variation of microbial community structures, while COD, the ratio of volatile suspended solids (VSS) to total suspended solids (TSS) (VSS/TSS ratio), and temperature were predominant factors in shaping community dissimilarities examined by generalized boosted regression modeling (GBM) analysis. Meanwhile, a significant correlation was found between the changing physicochemical properties and microbial communities (p <0.05). The alpha diversity (Chao1 and Shannon) was significantly higher (p <0.05) in both winter (December, January, and February) and autumn (September, October, and November) with higher organic loading rate (OLR), higher VSS/TSS ratio, and lower temperature, resulting higher biogas production and nutrition removal efficiency. Further, 18 key genes covering nitrate reduction, denitrification, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation pathways were discovered, the total abundance of which was significantly associated with the changing environmental factors (p <0.05). Among these pathways, the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) and denitrification had the higher abundance contributed by the top highly abundant genes narGH, nrfABCDH, and hcp. The COD, OLR, and temperature were primary factors in affecting DNRA and denitrification by GBM evaluation. Moreover, by metagenome binning, we found the DNRA populations mainly belonged to Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, and Nitrospirae, while the denitrifying bacteria with complete denitrification performance were all Proteobacteria. Besides, we detected 3,360 non-redundant viral sequences with great novelty, in which Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, and Myoviridae were dominant viral families. Interestingly, viral communities likewise depicted clear monthly variation and had significant associations with the recovered populations (p <0.05).DiscussionOur work highlights the monthly variation of microbial and viral communities during the continuous operation of EGSB affected by the predominant changing COD, OLR, and temperature, while DNRA and denitrification pathways dominated in this anaerobic system. The results also provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the engineered system.

Dataset Information

Sensor-mediated granular sludge reactor for nitrogen removal and reduced aeration demand using a dilute wastewater.

Publications

Sensor-mediated granular sludge reactor for nitrogen removal and reduced aeration demand using a dilute wastewater.

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