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Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity.

ABSTRACT: Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune responses and COVID-19 disease severity. We completed a combined examination of all three branches of adaptive immunity at the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in acute and convalescent subjects. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells were each associated with milder disease. Coordinated SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses were associated with milder disease, suggesting roles for both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in protective immunity in COVID-19. Notably, coordination of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific responses was disrupted in individuals ≥ 65 years old. Scarcity of naive T cells was also associated with aging and poor disease outcomes. A parsimonious explanation is that coordinated CD4⁺ T cell, CD8⁺ T cell, and antibody responses are protective, but uncoordinated responses frequently fail to control disease, with a connection between aging and impaired adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.

SUBMITTER: Rydyznski Moderbacher C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7494270 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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