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Role of Transverse Shear Modulus in the Performance of Corrugated Materials.

ABSTRACT: In a description of materials for orthotropic panels with a soft and/or corrugated core, it is important to correctly determine all constitutive parameters. In laboratory practice, the determination of transverse shear modulus is often overlooked. This paper presents a method for determining this property based on a plate torsion test and a correctly formulated analytical description. It has been proved that the transverse shear effect in some cases cannot be omitted because it significantly influences the mechanical behavior of corrugated board. The method of transverse shear modeling used so far can be modified to eliminate dimensionless, physically unjustified coefficient and replace them with coefficients that have a physical basis. It is shown here that such modification leads to results with lower error. The effective modeling of transverse shear effects enables a more conscious design of corrugated board structures, where the final goal is to obtain packaging with high strength and durability but low material consumption.

SUBMITTER: Garbowski T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7504672 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of Transverse Shear Modulus in the Performance of Corrugated Materials.

Garbowski Tomasz T Gajewski Tomasz T Grabski Jakub Krzysztof JK

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20200827 17

In a description of materials for orthotropic panels with a soft and/or corrugated core, it is important to correctly determine all constitutive parameters. In laboratory practice, the determination of transverse shear modulus is often overlooked. This paper presents a method for determining this property based on a plate torsion test and a correctly formulated analytical description. It has been proved that the transverse shear effect in some cases cannot be omitted because it significantly inf ...[more]

PMID: 32867352

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Project description:The paper describes a program of mechanical testing on donated human eye bank lenses. The principal purpose of the tests was to obtain experimental data on the shear modulus of the lens for use in future computational models of the accommodation process. Testing was conducted using a procedure in which deformations are induced in the lens by spinning it about its polar axis. Shear modulus data were inferred from these observed deformations by means of a finite element inverse analysis procedure in which the spatial variation of the shear modulus within the lens is represented by an appropriate function (see Burd et al., 2011 for a detailed specification of the design of the spinning lens test rig, experimental protocols and associated data analysis procedures that were employed in the tests). Inferred data on lens shear modulus are presented for a set of twenty-nine lenses in the age range 12 years to 58 years. The lenses were tested between 47 h and 110 h from the time of death (average post-mortem time 74 h). Care was taken to exclude any lenses that had been affected by excessive post-mortem swelling, or any lenses that had suffered mechanical damage during storage, transit or the testing process. The experimental data on shear modulus indicate that, for young lenses, the cortex is stiffer than the nucleus. The shear modulus of the nucleus and cortex both increase with increasing age. The shear modulus of the nucleus increases more rapidly than the cortex with the consequence that from an age of about 45 years onwards the nucleus is stiffer than the cortex. The principal shear modulus data presented in the paper were obtained by testing at a rotational speed of 1,000 rpm. Supplementary tests were conducted at rotational speeds of 700 rpm and 1,400 rpm. The results from these supplementary tests are in good agreement with the data obtained from the principal 1,000 rpm tests. Studies on the possible effects of lens drying during the test suggested that this factor is unlikely to have led to significant errors in the experimental determination of the shear modulus. The shear modulus data presented in the paper are used to develop 'age-stiffness' models to represent the shear modulus of the lens as a function of age. These models are in a form that may be readily incorporated in a finite element model of the accommodation process. A comparison is attempted between the shear modulus data presented in the current paper and equivalent data published by previous authors. This comparison highlights various limitations and inconsistencies in the data sets.

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Role of Transverse Shear Modulus in the Performance of Corrugated Materials.

Publications

Role of Transverse Shear Modulus in the Performance of Corrugated Materials.

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