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Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children’s worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT: Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a type of dental caries in the teeth of infants and children that is represented as one of the most prevalent dental problems in this period. Various studies have reported different types of prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children worldwide. However, there has been no comprehensive study to summarize the results of these studies in general, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world during a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods In this review study, articles were extracted by searching in the national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) between 1995 and December 2019. Random effects model was used for analysis and heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by using the I2 index. Data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software. Findings In this study, a total of 164 articles (81 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and 83 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth) were entered the meta-analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 80,405 was 46.2% (95% CI: 41.6–50.8%), and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 1,454,871 was 53.8% (95% CI: 50–57.5%). Regarding the heterogeneity on the basis of meta-regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world. With increasing the sample size and the year of study, dental caries in primary teeth increased and in permanent teeth decreased. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the prevalence of primary and permanent dental caries in children in the world was found to be high. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels by providing feedback to hospitals.

SUBMITTER: Kazeminia M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7541284 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundDental caries have a serious impact on general health and well-being; however, there is a lack of relevant data on the development trends of dental caries in permanent teeth among 12-year-old children in China. We aim to assess long-term trends of dental caries in permanent teeth among 12-year-old children in China and identify the susceptible subgroups based on five consecutive national surveys from 1995 to 2014.MethodsA total of 88 972 subjects were extracted from five consecutive national surveys (1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014). Standardized dental examinations were conducted and the oral health status of each subject was recorded. The prevalence of Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMF%), mean Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth score (DMFT) and Caries Filling Ratio (CFR) were used as measurement indicators. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to evaluate the trends in DMF% and CFR, and multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the trends in DMFT.ResultsA V-shaped fluctuating upward trend in DMF% during 1995-2014 was observed (Z = - 13.124, P < 0.001), and the DMF% in 1995-2014 was 21.1%, 15.9%, 16.2%, 21.9% and 24.3%. The trend in DMFT was approximately consistent with DMF% (β = 0.057, P < 0.001), but the downward volatility appeared in 2014. The DMFT in 1995-2014 was 0.38, 0.28, 0.31, 0.66 and 0.54. A continuously fluctuant trend in CFR was observed during past two decades (Z = 1.927, P > 0.05), and the CFR in 1995-2014 was 17.4%, 22.8%, 19.3%, 23.4% and 15.6%. The DMF% and DMFT of rural children had a larger absolute increase than that of urban children during 1995-2014 (DMF%-urban: Z = - 0.242, P > 0.05; DMF%-rural: Z = - 19.036, P < 0.001; DMFT-urban: β = 0.035, P < 0.001, DMFT-rural: β = 0.077, P < 0.001). The DMF% and DMFT in girls were higher than that in boys at each survey year (P < 0.001). CFR of urban children was higher than that of rural children at each survey year (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOver the past 20 years, DMFT and DMF% of 12-year-old children in China presented V-shaped fluctuant upward trends, with a decline trend from 1995 to 2000 and an upward trend from 2000 to 2014. CFR had no significant improvement. The rural children and girls are the more vulnerable groups in the development of dental caries and need to pay priority. Our study supports the continuation of policies to improve children' oral health.

Project description:BackgroundDental caries is an important public health problem in Mexico, a country also faced with high exposure to toxicants including lead (Pb).MethodsParticipants were 386 children living in Mexico City. Prenatal (trimester 1-3), early-childhood (12, 24, 36, and 48 months of age) and peri-pubertal (10-18 years of age) blood Pb levels were quantified using graphite-furnace atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Maternal patella and tibia bone Pb at 1 month postpartum were quantified with K X-ray fluorescence instrument. Dental caries presence was evaluated using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) scores. Peri-pubertal sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) intake was estimated using a 116-item, interview-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Total energy adjusted daily SSB intake was generated using the residual approach. Zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between Pb with D1MFT and D4MFT at adolescence.ResultsMaternal second and third trimester and cumulative early childhood Pb exposure were positively associated with peri-pubertal D1MFT scores in unadjusted ZINB models (2nd trimester: RR = 1.17 (1.00, 1.37); 3rd trimester: RR = 1.20 (1.03, 1.40); early childhood: RR = 1.22 (1.02, 1.48)). These effect sizes were attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjusting for covariates. When stratified by high/low SSB intake, a one unit increase of log-transformed 2nd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.41 times (1.06, 1.86) higher D1MFT count, and 3rd trimester Pb exposure was associated with a 1.50 times (1.18, 1.90) higher D1MFT count among those with higher than median peri-pubertal SSB. Associations among those with lower SSB intake were roughly half those of the higher group and not statistically significant.ConclusionsPb exposure during sensitive developmental periods was not statistically significantly associated with caries risk after accounting for confounders among our cohort. However, evidence from stratified analysis suggested a Pb-caries association among children with high SSB intake.

Project description:Background. Tooth loss is an easily identifiable outcome that summarizes a complex suite of factors in an individual's history of dental disease and its treatment by dental services over a lifetime. Assessment of overall tooth loss data is essential for epidemiologically evaluating the adequacy of dental care provided at a systems level, as well as for placing in context tooth loss for non-disease causes. For example, when derived from prosthetic treatment planning, the latter may unfortunately lead to some teeth being extracted (pulled) for the sake of better comprehensive clinical results. The objective of the present manuscript was to identify the contribution to overall tooth loss, by extraction of permanent teeth because of prosthetic treatment reasons. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study included sex, age, total number of extractions performed by subject, sextant (anterior vs. posterior), group of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars), upper or lower arch, and the main reason underlying extraction (extraction for any reason vs. prosthetic treatment), in patients 18 years of age and older seeking care at a dental school clinic in Mexico. A multivariate logistic regression model was generated. Results. A total of 749 teeth were extracted in 331 patients; 161 teeth (21.5% of total) were extracted for explicit prosthetic treatment indications. As age increased, the likelihood of having an extraction for prosthetic reasons increased 3% (OR = 1.03, p < 0.001). Women (OR = 1.57, p < 0.05) were more likely to be in this situation, and molars (OR = 2.70, p < 0.001) were most at risk. As the total number of extractions increased, the risk of having an extraction for prosthetic reasons decreased (OR = 0.94, p < 0.05). Conclusions. A significant amount (21.5%) of the extractions of permanent teeth were performed for prosthetic reasons in this dental school clinical environment; age, sex, type of tooth, and the total number of extractions moderated such pattern.

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Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children’s worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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