Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Homes and Vehicles Among US Youths, United States, 2011-2019.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Walton K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7553226 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Homes and Vehicles Among US Youths, United States, 2011-2019.
Walton Kimp K Gentzke Andrea S AS Murphy-Hoefer Rebecca R Kenemer Brandon B Neff Linda J LJ
Preventing chronic disease 20200910
In this study, we report the prevalence of self-reported secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in homes and vehicles among US middle and high school students in 2019 and changes in SHS exposure over time. Data were from 7 years of the National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS; 2011, 2013, and 2015-2019). In 2019, 25.3% (an estimated 6.7 million) of students reported home SHS exposure and 23.3% (6.1 million) reported vehicle SHS exposure. Home and vehicle SHS exposure significantly declined during 2011 throu ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundAirports may represent significant sources of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for both travelers and employees. While previously common smoking rooms have largely disappeared from US airports, smoking continues to occur outdoors at terminal entrances. SHS may be especially high at arrival areas, since they oftentimes are partially enclosed by overhead departures, creating stagnant microenvironments. This study assessed particulate matter <2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5), a common surrogate for SHS, at airport terminal locations to evaluate both outdoor exposure risk and possible indoor drift of SHS from outdoor sources.MethodsA convenience sample of nine airport terminal arrival areas in the US state of Florida was surveyed between February and July 2018. PM2.5 levels were assessed outdoors and indoors at terminal entrances and at control areas far into terminal interiors. We also examined the impact of smoking location on SHS exposure by correlating cigarette and passing vehicle counts with PM2.5 levels at terminals with contrasting proximity of designated smoking locations to terminal entrances.ResultsAlthough outdoor PM2.5 levels (mean 17.9, SD 6.1 µg/m3) were significantly higher than indoors (p < 0.001), there was no difference between indoor areas directly inside terminal entrances and areas much further interior (mean 8.8, SD 2.6 vs mean 8.5, SD 3.0 µg/m3, p=0.49). However, when smoking areas were in close proximity to terminal entrances, the number of lit cigarettes and vehicular traffic per minute predicted 70% of the variance of PM2.5 levels (p < 0.001), which was attributable mostly to the cigarette number (β = 0.83; 95% CI (0.55 to 1.11); p < 0.001). This effect was not observed at smoking areas further away.ConclusionPM2.5 data did not suggest indoor drift from outside smoking. Nevertheless, absolute exposure outdoors was high and correlated with the location of designated smoking areas. Further studies are needed to examine the effect of microclimate formation on exposure risk.
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