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Proteomics Analysis of Plasma Membrane Fractions of the Root, Leaf, and Flower of Rice.

ABSTRACT: The plasma membrane regulates biological processes such as ion transport, signal transduction, endocytosis, and cell differentiation/proliferation. To understand the functional characteristics and organ specificity of plasma membranes, plasma membrane protein fractions from rice root, etiolated leaf, green leaf, developing leaf sheath, and flower were analyzed by proteomics. Among the proteins identified, 511 were commonly accumulated in the five organs, whereas 270, 132, 359, 146, and 149 proteins were specifically accumulated in the root, etiolated leaf, green leaf, developing leaf sheath, and developing flower, respectively. The principle component analysis revealed that the functions of the plasma membrane in the root was different from those of green and etiolated leaves and that the plasma membrane protein composition of the leaf sheath was similar to that of the flower, but not that of the green leaf. Functional classification revealed that the root plasma membrane has more transport-related proteins than the leaf plasma membrane. Furthermore, the leaf sheath and flower plasma membranes were found to be richer in proteins involved in signaling and cell function than the green leaf plasma membrane. To validate the proteomics data, immunoblot analysis was carried out, focusing on four heterotrimeric G protein subunits, G?, G?, G?1, and G?2. All subunits could be detected by both methods and, in particular, G?1 and G?2 required concentration by immunoprecipitation for mass spectrometry detection.

SUBMITTER: Iwasaki Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7583858 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Proteomics Analysis of Plasma Membrane Fractions of the Root, Leaf, and Flower of Rice.

Iwasaki Yukimoto Y Itoh Takafumi T Hagi Yusuke Y Matsuta Sakura S Nishiyama Aki A Chaya Genki G Kobayashi Yuki Y Miura Kotaro K Komatsu Setsuko S

International journal of molecular sciences 20200923 19

The plasma membrane regulates biological processes such as ion transport, signal transduction, endocytosis, and cell differentiation/proliferation. To understand the functional characteristics and organ specificity of plasma membranes, plasma membrane protein fractions from rice root, etiolated leaf, green leaf, developing leaf sheath, and flower were analyzed by proteomics. Among the proteins identified, 511 were commonly accumulated in the five organs, whereas 270, 132, 359, 146, and 149 prote ...[more]

PMID: 32977500

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Project description:Cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts have been implicated in diverse physiologic processes including lipid transport and signal transduction. Lipid rafts were originally defined as detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) due to their relative insolubility in cold non-ionic detergents. Recent findings suggest that, although DRMs are not equivalent to lipid rafts, the presence of a given protein within DRMs strongly suggests its potential for raft association in vivo. Therefore, isolation of DRMs represents a useful starting point for biochemical analysis of lipid rafts. The physicochemical properties of DRMs present unique challenges to analysis of their protein composition. Existing methods of isolating DRM-enriched fractions involve flotation of cell extracts in a sucrose density gradient, which, although successful, can be labor intensive, time consuming and results in dilute sucrose-containing fractions with limited utility for direct proteomic analysis. In addition, several studies describing the proteomic characterization of DRMs using this and other approaches have reported the presence of nuclear proteins in such fractions. It is unclear whether these results reflect trafficking of nuclear proteins to DRMs or whether they arise from nuclear contamination during isolation. To address these issues, we have modified a published differential detergent extraction method to enable rapid DRM isolation that minimizes nuclear contamination and yields fractions compatible with mass spectrometry.DRM-enriched fractions isolated using the conventional or modified extraction methods displayed comparable profiles of known DRM-associated proteins, including flotillins, GPI-anchored proteins and heterotrimeric G-protein subunits. Thus, the modified procedure yielded fractions consistent with those isolated by existing methods. However, we observed a marked reduction in the percentage of nuclear proteins identified in DRM fractions isolated with the modified method (15%) compared to DRMs isolated by conventional means (36%). Furthermore, of the 21 nuclear proteins identified exclusively in modified DRM fractions, 16 have been reported to exist in other subcellular sites, with evidence to suggest shuttling of these species between the nucleus and other organelles.We describe a modified DRM isolation procedure that generates DRMs that are largely free of nuclear contamination and that is compatible with downstream proteomic analyses with minimal additional processing. Our findings also imply that identification of nuclear proteins in DRMs is likely to reflect legitimate movement of proteins between compartments, and is not a result of contamination during extraction.

Project description:BackgroundPlant apoplast is the prime site for signal perception and defense response, and of great importance in responding to environmental stresses. Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plays a pivotal role in determining the responsiveness of cells to stress. However, how the apoplast proteome changes under oxidative condition is largely unknown. In this study, we initiated a comparative proteomic analysis to explore H(2)O(2)-responsive proteins in the apoplast of rice seedling roots.Methodology/principal findings14-day-old rice seedlings were treated with low concentrations (300 and 600 µM) of H(2)O(2) for 6 h and the levels of relative electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and H(2)O(2) were assayed in roots. The modified vacuum infiltration method was used to extract apoplast proteins of rice seedling roots, and then two-dimensional electrophoresis gel analysis revealed 58 differentially expressed protein spots under low H(2)O(2) conditions. Of these, 54 were successfully identified by PMF or MS/MS as matches to 35 different proteins including known and novel H(2)O(2)-responsive proteins. Almost all of these identities (98%) were indeed apoplast proteins confirmed either by previous experiments or through publicly available prediction programs. These proteins identified are involved in a variety of processes, including redox homeostasis, cell wall modification, signal transduction, cell defense and carbohydrate metabolism, indicating a complex regulative network in the apoplast of seedling roots under H(2)O(2) stress.Conclusions/significanceThe present study is the first apoplast proteome investigation of plant seedlings in response to H(2)O(2) and may be of paramount importance for the understanding of the plant network to environmental stresses. Based on the abundant changes in these proteins, together with their putative functions, we proposed a possible protein network that provides new insights into oxidative stress response in the rice root apoplast and clues for the further functional research of target proteins associated with H(2)O(2) response.

Dataset Information

Proteomics Analysis of Plasma Membrane Fractions of the Root, Leaf, and Flower of Rice.

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Proteomics Analysis of Plasma Membrane Fractions of the Root, Leaf, and Flower of Rice.

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