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Hydration and Diffusion of H+, Li+, Na+, Cs+ Ions in Cation-Exchange Membranes Based on Polyethylene- and Sulfonated-Grafted Polystyrene Studied by NMR Technique and Ionic Conductivity Measurements.

ABSTRACT: The main particularities of sulfonate groups hydration, water molecule, and alkaline metal cation translation mobility were revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ionic conductivity measurements techniques in cation-exchange membranes MSC based on cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene (PS) grafted on polyethylene with ion-exchange capacity of 2.5 mg-eq/g. Alkaline metal cation hydration numbers (h) calculated from temperature dependences of 1H chemical shift of water molecule for membranes equilibrated with water vapor at RH = 95% are 5, 6, and 4 for Li+, Na+, and Cs+ ions, respectively. These values are close to h for equimolar aqueous salt solutions. Water molecules and counter ions Li+, Na+, and Cs+ diffusion coefficients were measured by pulsed field gradient NMR on the 1H, 7Li, 23Na, and 133Cs nuclei. For membranes as well as for aqueous chloride solutions, cation diffusion coefficients increased in the following sequence: Li+ < Na+ < Cs+. Cation and water molecule diffusion activation energies in temperature range from 20 °C to 80 °C were close to each other (about 20 kJ/mol). The cation conductivity of MSC membranes is in the same sequence, Li+ < Na+ < Cs+ << H+. The conductivity values calculated from the NMR diffusion coefficients with the use of the Nernst-Einstein equation are essentially higher than experimentally determined coefficients. The reason for this discrepancy is the heterogeneity of membrane pore and channel system. Ionic conductivity is limited by cation transfer in narrow channels, whereas the diffusion coefficient characterizes ion mobility in wide pores first of all.

SUBMITTER: Volkov VI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7601212 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hydration and Diffusion of H+, Li+, Na+, Cs+ Ions in Cation-Exchange Membranes Based on Polyethylene- and Sulfonated-Grafted Polystyrene Studied by NMR Technique and Ionic Conductivity Measurements.

Volkov Vitaliy I VI Chernyak Alexander V AV Golubenko Daniil V DV Tverskoy Vladimir A VA Lochin Georgiy A GA Odjigaeva Ervena S ES Yaroslavtsev Andrey B AB

Membranes 20201001 10

The main particularities of sulfonate groups hydration, water molecule, and alkaline metal cation translation mobility were revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ionic conductivity measurements techniques in cation-exchange membranes MSC based on cross-linked sulfonated polystyrene (PS) grafted on polyethylene with ion-exchange capacity of 2.5 mg-eq/g. Alkaline metal cation hydration numbers (h) calculated from temperature dependences of 1H chemical shift of water molecule ...[more]

PMID: 33019771

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Project description:Polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE) plastics are commonly used in household items such as electronic housings, food packaging, bottles, bags, toys, and roofing membranes. The presence of inhalable microplastics in indoor air has become a topic of concern as many people spent extended periods of time indoors during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions, however, the toxic effects on the respiratory system are not properly understood. We examined the toxicity of PP, PS, and PE microplastic fragments in the pulmonary system of C57BL/6 mice. For 14 days, mice were intratracheally instilled 5 mg/kg PP, PS, and PE daily. The number of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of PS-instilled mice was significantly higher than that in the vehicle control (VC). The levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in BALF of PS-instilled mice increased compared to the VC. However, the inflammatory responses in PP- and PE-stimulated mice were not significantly different from those in the VC group. We observed elevated protein levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 in the lung tissue of PP-instilled mice and TLR4 in the lung tissue of PS-instilled mice compared with those to the VC, while TLR1, TLR5, and TLR6 protein levels remained unchanged. Phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and IĸB-α increased significantly in PS-instilled mice compared with that in VC. Furthermore, Nucleotide‑binding oligomerization domain‑like receptor family pyrin domain‑containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and Caspase-1 in the lung tissue of PS-instilled mice increased compared with that in the VC, but not in PP- and PE-instilled mice. These results suggest that PS microplastic fragment stimulation induces pulmonary inflammation due to NF-ĸB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation by the TLR4 pathway.Supplementary informationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00224-x.

Dataset Information

Hydration and Diffusion of H+, Li+, Na+, Cs+ Ions in Cation-Exchange Membranes Based on Polyethylene- and Sulfonated-Grafted Polystyrene Studied by NMR Technique and Ionic Conductivity Measurements.

Publications

Hydration and Diffusion of H<sup>+</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Cs<sup>+</sup> Ions in Cation-Exchange Membranes Based on Polyethylene- and Sulfonated-Grafted Polystyrene Studied by NMR Technique and Ionic Conductivity Measurements.

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