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Newly emerged resistance-breaking variants of cucumber mosaic virus represent ongoing host-interactive evolution of an RNA virus.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the evolutionary history of a virus and the mechanisms influencing the direction of its evolution is essential for the development of more durable strategies to control the virus in crop fields. While the deployment of host resistance in crops is the most efficient means to control various viruses, host resistance itself can act as strong selective pressure and thus play a critical role in the evolution of virus virulence. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a plant RNA virus with high evolutionary capacity, has caused endemic disease in various crops worldwide, including pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), because of frequent emergence of resistance-breaking variants. In this study, we examined the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of recently emerged, resistance-breaking CMV variants infecting pepper. Our population genetics analysis revealed that the high divergence capacity of CMV RNA1 might have played an essential role in the host-interactive evolution of CMV and in shaping the CMV population structure in pepper. We also demonstrated that nonsynonymous mutations in RNA1 encoding the 1a protein enabled CMV to overcome the deployed resistance in pepper. Our findings suggest that resistance-driven selective pressures on RNA1 might have contributed in shaping the unique evolutionary pattern of CMV in pepper. Therefore, deployment of a single resistance gene may reduce resistance durability against CMV and more integrated approaches are warranted for successful control of CMV in pepper.

SUBMITTER: Heo KJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7673075 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Newly emerged resistance-breaking variants of cucumber mosaic virus represent ongoing host-interactive evolution of an RNA virus.

Heo Kyeong-Jae KJ Kwon Sun-Jung SJ Kim Mi-Kyeong MK Kwak Hae-Ryun HR Han Soo-Jung SJ Kwon Min-Jun MJ Rao A L N ALN Seo Jang-Kyun JK

Virus evolution 20200701 2

Understanding the evolutionary history of a virus and the mechanisms influencing the direction of its evolution is essential for the development of more durable strategies to control the virus in crop fields. While the deployment of host resistance in crops is the most efficient means to control various viruses, host resistance itself can act as strong selective pressure and thus play a critical role in the evolution of virus virulence. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), a plant RNA virus with high ev ...[more]

PMID: 33240527

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Project description:Taxonomic relationshipsCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the type species of the genus Cucumovirus in the family Bromoviridae, which also encompasses the Peanut stunt virus (PSV) and the Tomato aspermy virus (TAV). Nucleotide sequence similarity among these three cucumoviruses is 60%-65%. CMV strains are divided into three subgroups, IA, IB and II, based on the sequence of the 5' untranslated region of the genomic RNA 3. Overall nucleotide sequence similarity among CMV strains is approximately 70%-98%. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, HOST RANGE AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY: CMV is distributed worldwide, primarily in temperate to tropical climate zones. CMV infects more than 1200 species of 100 plant families, including monocot and dicot plants. Symptoms caused by CMV infection vary with the host species and/or CMV strain, and include mosaic, stunt, chlorosis, dwarfing, leaf malformation and systemic necrosis. CMV disease is spread primarily by aphid transmission in a nonpersistent manner.Physical propertiesIn tobacco sap, the thermal inactivation point of the viral infectivity is approximately 70 °C (10 min), the dilution end-point is approximately 10(-4) and viral infectivity is lost after a few days of exposure to 20 °C. Viral infectivity can be retained in freeze-dried tissues and in the form of virions purified using 5 mm sodium borate, 0.5 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 50% glycerol (pH 9.0) at -20 °C. CMV particles are isometric, approximately 28-30 nm in diameter and are composed of 180 capsid subunits arranged in pentamer-hexamer clusters with T= 3 symmetry. The sedimentation coefficient (s(20) ,(w) ) is c. 98 S and the particle weight is (5.8-6.7) × 10(6) Da. The virions contain 18% RNA. The RNA-protein interactions that stabilize the CMV virions are readily disrupted by sodium dodecylsulphate or neutral chloride salts. GENOMIC PROPERTIES: The genomic RNAs are single-stranded messenger sense RNAs with 5' cap and 3' tRNA-like structures containing at least five open reading frames. The viral RNA consists of three genomic RNAs, RNA 1 (c. 3.3 kb), RNA 2 (c. 3.0 kb) and RNA 3 (c. 2.2 kb), and two subgenomic RNAs, RNA 4 (c. 1.0 kb) and RNA 4A (c. 0.7 kb). The 3' untranslated regions are conserved across all viral RNAs. CMV is often accompanied by satellite, noncoding, small, linear RNA that is nonhomologous to the helper CMV.

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Newly emerged resistance-breaking variants of cucumber mosaic virus represent ongoing host-interactive evolution of an RNA virus.

Publications

Newly emerged resistance-breaking variants of cucumber mosaic virus represent ongoing host-interactive evolution of an RNA virus.

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