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Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids and risk of psychotic outcomes in the ALSPAC birth cohort.

ABSTRACT: Background: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels have been implicated in the pathology of psychotic disorders. We investigated the relationship between childhood PUFA levels and later psychotic experiences (PE's) in a large birth cohort.

Methods: Plasma levels of ?-3 and ?-6 fatty acids (FA's) were assayed at ages 7 and 16 years. PE's were assessed at ages 12 and 18 years using a semi-structured interview. Primary outcome was any PE's at 18 years; sensitivity analyses examined incident PE's between ages 12 and 18 years, persistent PE's (at 12 and 18) and psychotic disorder at 18 years. Genetic instruments for ?-3 and ?-6 were derived and used in a multivariable Mendelian Randomization analysis.

Results: Higher levels of ?-6 FA's AA, OA and AdA at age 7 years were weakly associated with a reduced risk for PE's at 18 years, however, effect sizes were small and attenuated after adjusting for confounders (strongest evidence for OA; adjusted OR, 0.842; 95% CI, 0.711, 0.998; p, 0.048). Total ?-6 levels at age 16 years were associated with an increased odds of psychotic disorder at age 18 years. However, there was no association between ?-6/?-3 ratio and psychosis outcomes, nor with genetic instruments of total ?-3 or ?-6 levels.

Conclusions: There is no strong evidence that total plasma ?-3 FA levels or ?-6/?-3 ratios in childhood and mid-adolescence are associated with increased risk for PE's or psychotic disorder, but very marginal evidence that alterations in the ?-6 pathway at developmental time points might influence risk².

SUBMITTER: Thompson AD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7738752 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids and risk of psychotic outcomes in the ALSPAC birth cohort.

Thompson A D AD Jones H J HJ Heron J J Hibbeln J J Sullivan S S Zammit S S

Schizophrenia research 20201014

<h4>Background</h4>Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels have been implicated in the pathology of psychotic disorders. We investigated the relationship between childhood PUFA levels and later psychotic experiences (PE's) in a large birth cohort.<h4>Methods</h4>Plasma levels of Ω-3 and Ω-6 fatty acids (FA's) were assayed at ages 7 and 16 years. PE's were assessed at ages 12 and 18 years using a semi-structured interview. Primary outcome was any PE's at 18 years; sensitivity analyses ...[more]

PMID: 33067055

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children under five. A recent Cochrane review found a 42% reduction in early preterm birth (< 34 weeks' gestation) and 11% reduction in preterm birth (< 37 weeks' gestation) with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. To assist in the development of implementation strategies to increase pregnant women's omega-3 fatty acid intake, we assessed the awareness of Australian pregnant women about preterm birth, their nutrition and supplementation behaviours during pregnancy, and intentions to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake. METHODS:A ten-minute survey was conducted online to assess the knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and intentions of Australian pregnant women across three domains: (1) preterm birth; (2) nutrition and supplementation during pregnancy; and (3) omega-3 fatty acid consumption to prevent preterm birth. Participants were recruited from Survey Sampling International's research panels. RESULTS:Of the 763 women who completed the survey, less than two-thirds had heard of preterm birth. Over 55% of respondents had changed their diet during pregnancy and a prenatal dietary supplement was consumed by 82% of the women surveyed. Respondents' main source of information about preterm birth and nutrition during pregnancy was from a health professional. When asked about their intentions to increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake following a health professional's recommendation, the vast majority of participants indicated they would increase their omega-3 fatty acid intake (90%). When a hypothetical scenario was presented of an omega-3 fatty acid supplement being offered from a health service at no cost, the number of respondents who selected they would increase their intake through supplementation increased from 54 to 79%. CONCLUSIONS:The main information source for women about preterm birth and dietary supplementation recommendations during pregnancy is their health professional. Therefore, informing women about ways to prevent preterm birth, including the role of omega-3 fatty acids, should occur during antenatal visits. The results from our study are useful for clinicians caring for pregnant women and for the next stage of translation of the Cochrane review findings - the design of implementation strategies to increase the intake of omega-3 fatty acids during pregnancy where needed.

Dataset Information

Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids and risk of psychotic outcomes in the ALSPAC birth cohort.

Publications

Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids and risk of psychotic outcomes in the ALSPAC birth cohort.

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