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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Bryopsis plumosa.

ABSTRACT: In 2015, a novel macroalgae began to bloom in Qinhuangdao on the coast of the Bohai Sea, Northern China. Bryopsis plumosa, a green macroalga, is one of the causal species of the macroalgae blooms, which have severely affected the environment and ecosystem on the coast of Qinhuangdao. In the present study, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of B. plumosa for the first time (GenBank accession number MN853874). It was found that the ring-shaped genome was made up of 110,912 base pairs, including 29 protein-coding genes, 23 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs. Phylogenetic analysis showed B. plumosa had close genetic relationships with algae Ulva prolifera, Ulva linza, and Ulva flexuosa. The present data will provide important information on the phylogenetics and molecular evolution of Bryopsis species.

SUBMITTER: Han H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7748666 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The complete sequence of honeybee (Apis mellifera) mitochondrial DNA is reported being 16,343 bp long in the strain sequenced. Relative to their positions in the Drosophila map, 11 of the tRNA genes are in altered positions, but the other genes and regions are in the same relative positions. Comparisons of the predicted protein sequences indicate that the honeybee mitochondrial genetic code is the same as that for Drosophila; but the anticodons of two tRNAs differ between these two insects. The base composition shows extreme bias, being 84.9% AT (cf. 78.6% in Drosophila yakuba). In protein-encoding genes, the AT bias is strongest at the third codon positions (which in some cases lack guanines altogether), and least in second codon positions. Multiple stepwise regression analysis of the predicted products of the protein-encoding genes shows a significant association between the numbers of occurrences of amino acids and %T in codon family, but not with the number of codons per codon family or other parameters associated with codon family base composition. Differences in amino acid abundances are apparent between the predicted Apis and Drosophila proteins, with a relative abundance in the Apis proteins of lysine and a relative deficiency of alanine. Drosophila alanine residues are as often replaced by serine as conserved in Apis. The differences in abundances between Drosophila and Apis are associated with %AT in the codon families, and the degree of divergence in amino acid composition between proteins correlates with the divergence in %AT at the second codon positions. Overall, transversions are about twice as abundant as transitions when comparing Drosophila and Apis protein-encoding genes, but this ratio varies between codon positions. Marked excesses of transitions over chance expectation are seen for the third positions of protein-coding genes and for the gene for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA. For the third codon positions the excess of transitions is adequately explained as due to the restriction of observable substitutions to transitions for conserved amino acids with two-codon families; the excess of transitions over expectation for the small ribosomal subunit suggests that the conservation of nucleotide size is favored by selection.

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The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Bryopsis plumosa.

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