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The complete plastome sequence of Atractylodes macrocephala (Asteraceae: Cardueae), an important medicinal plant in East Asia.

ABSTRACT: Atractylodes macrocephala is one of the most commonly used herbs in China, which is famous for its high medicinal value. In this study, we analyzed and characterized the complete plastome sequence of A. macrocephala. Sequence analysis indicated that the entire genome is 153,265 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC, 84,311 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC, 18,674 bp) region separated by a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,140 bp for each. The genome contains 107 unique genes, including 80 different protein-coding genes, 23 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 37.7%. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a monophyletic Atractylodes and Cardueae. This research reports the complete plastome genome of Atractylodes macrocephala, which provides a better understanding of this important herb.

SUBMITTER: Cai H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7748879 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:The East Asian-Tethyan disjunction pattern and its mechanisms of formation have long been of interest to researchers. Here, we studied the biogeographical history of Asteraceae tribe Cardueae, with a particular focus on the temperate East Asian genus Atractylodes DC., to understand the role of tectonic and climatic events in driving the diversification and disjunctions of the genus. A total of 76 samples of Atractylodes from 36 locations were collected for RAD-sequencing. Three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) datasets based on different filtering strategies were used for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular dating and ancestral distribution reconstruction were performed using both chloroplast DNA sequences (127 Cardueae samples) and SNP (36 Atractylodes samples) datasets. Six species of Atractylodes were well resolved as individually monophyletic, although some introgression was identified among accessions of A. chinensis, A. lancea and A. koreana. Dispersal of the subtribe Carlininae from the Mediterranean to East Asia occurred after divergence between Atractylodes and Carlina L. + Atractylis L. + Thevenotia DC. at ~31.57 Ma, resulting in an East Asian-Tethyan disjunction. Diversification of Atractylodes in East Asia mainly occurred from the Late Miocene to the Early Pleistocene. Aridification of Asia and the closure of the Turgai Strait in the Late Oligocene promoted the dispersal of Cardueae from the Mediterranean to East China. Subsequent uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as well as changes in Asian monsoon systems resulted in an East Asian-Tethyan disjunction between Atractylodes and Carlina + Atractylis + Thevenotia. In addition, Late Miocene to Quaternary climates and sea level fluctuations played major roles in the diversification of Atractylodes. Through this study of different taxonomic levels using genomic data, we have revealed an overlooked dispersal route between the Mediterranean and far East Asia (Japan/Korea) via Central Asia and East China.

Dataset Information

The complete plastome sequence of Atractylodes macrocephala (Asteraceae: Cardueae), an important medicinal plant in East Asia.

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