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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Annamocarya sinensis (Juglandaceae), an Endangered species endemic to Yunnan Province, China.

ABSTRACT: Annamocarya sinensis, a plant species with extremely small populations endemic to Xichou county of Yunnan province, has been classified as a national second-class protected wild plant. In this study, we assembled its complete chloroplast genome. The total genome size of A. sinensis was 158,484 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 89,871 bp, a small single-copy region of 20,558 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 24,029 bp. The all GC content of A. sinensis chloroplast genome was 36.2%. It encodes a total of 114 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 31 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Eleven genes contain a single intron, and three genes have two introns. Phylogenetic analysis results strongly supported that Annamocarya sinensis was closely related to Carya kweichowensis.

SUBMITTER: Ji Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7782989 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Yunnan Province, China is thought to be the original source of biovar Orientalis of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the third plague pandemic that has spread globally since the end of the 19th century. Although encompassing a large area of natural plague foci, Y. pestis strains have rarely been found in live rodents during surveillance in Yunnan, and most isolates are from rodent corpses and their fleas. In 2017, 10 Y. pestis strains were isolated from seven live rodents and three fleas in Heqing County (HQ) of Yunnan. These strains were supposed to have low virulence to local rodents Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri because the rodents were healthy and no dead animals were found in surrounding areas, as had occurred in previous epizootic disease. We performed microscopic and biochemical examinations of the isolates,and compared their whole-genome sequences and transcriptome with those of 10 high virulence Y. pestis strains that were isolated from the adjacent city (Lijiang). We analyzed the phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic characteristics of live rodent isolates. The isolates formed a previously undefined monophyletic branch of Y. pestis that was named 1.IN5. Six SNPs, two indels, and one copy number variation were detected between live rodent isolates and the high virulence neighbors. No obvious functional consequence of these variations was found according to the known annotation information. Among the genes that were differentially expressed between the live rodent isolates and their high virulence neighbors, we detected five iron transfer-related genes that were significantly up-regulated in live rodent isolates compared with high virulence isolates (|log2 (FC) | >1, p.adjust <0.05), indicating these genes may be related to the low-virulence phenotype. The novel genotype of Y. pestis reported here provides further insights into the evolution and spread of plague as well as clues that may help to decipher the virulence mechanism of this notorious pathogen.

Dataset Information

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Annamocarya sinensis (Juglandaceae), an Endangered species endemic to Yunnan Province, China.

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