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The gravistimulation-induced very slow Ca²⁺ increase in Arabidopsis seedlings requires MCA1, a Ca²⁺-permeable mechanosensitive channel.

ABSTRACT: Gravity is a critical environmental factor affecting the morphology and function of plants on Earth. Gravistimulation triggered by changes in the gravity vector induces an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca²⁺]_c) as an early process of gravity sensing; however, its role and molecular mechanism are still unclear. When seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing apoaequorin were rotated from the upright position to the upside-down position, a biphasic [Ca²⁺]_c-increase composed of a fast-transient [Ca²⁺]_c-increase followed by a slow [Ca²⁺]_c-increase was observed. We find here a novel type [Ca²⁺]_c-increase, designated a very slow [Ca²⁺]_c-increase that is observed when the seedlings were rotated back to the upright position from the upside-down position. The very slow [Ca²⁺]_c-increase was strongly attenuated in knockout seedlings defective in MCA1, a mechanosensitive Ca²⁺-permeable channel (MSCC), and was partially restored in MCA1-complemented seedlings. The mechanosensitive ion channel blocker, gadolinium, blocked the very slow [Ca²⁺]_c-increase. This is the first report suggesting the possible involvement of MCA1 in an early event related to gravity sensing in Arabidopsis seedlings.

SUBMITTER: Nakano M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7794229 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The gravistimulation-induced very slow Ca2+ increase in Arabidopsis seedlings requires MCA1, a Ca2+-permeable mechanosensitive channel.

Nakano Masataka M Furuichi Takuya T Sokabe Masahiro M Iida Hidetoshi H Tatsumi Hitoshi H

Scientific reports 20210108 1

Gravity is a critical environmental factor affecting the morphology and function of plants on Earth. Gravistimulation triggered by changes in the gravity vector induces an increase in the cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]c) as an early process of gravity sensing; however, its role and molecular mechanism are still unclear. When seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana expressing apoaequorin were rotated from the upright position to the upside-down position, a biph ...[more]

PMID: 33420331

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Project description:Ca(2+) influx via GluR2-lacking Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA glutamate receptors (CP-AMPARs) can trigger changes in synaptic efficacy in both interneurons and principle neurons, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We took advantage of genetically altered mice with no or reduced GluR2, thus allowing the expression of synaptic CP-AMPARs, to investigate the molecular signaling process during CP-AMPAR-induced synaptic plasticity at CA1 synapses in the hippocampus. Utilizing electrophysiological techniques, we demonstrated that these receptors were capable of inducing numerous forms of long-term potentiation (referred to as CP-AMPAR dependent LTP) through a number of different induction protocols, including high-frequency stimulation (HFS) and theta-burst stimulation (TBS). This included a previously undemonstrated form of protein-synthesis dependent late-LTP (L-LTP) at CA1 synapses that is NMDA-receptor independent. This form of plasticity was completely blocked by the selective CP-AMPAR inhibitor IEM-1460, and found to be dependent on postsynaptic Ca(2+) ions through calcium chelator (BAPTA) studies. Surprisingly, Ca/CaM-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), the key protein kinase that is indispensable for NMDA-receptor dependent LTP at CA1 synapses appeared to be not required for the induction of CP-AMPAR dependent LTP due to the lack of effect of two separate pharmacological inhibitors (KN-62 and staurosporine) on this form of potentiation. Both KN-62 and staurosporine strongly inhibited NMDA-receptor dependent LTP in control studies. In contrast, inhibitors for PI3-kinase (LY294002 and wortmannin) or the MAPK cascade (PD98059 and U0126) significantly attenuated this CP-AMPAR-dependent LTP. Similarly, postsynaptic infusion of tetanus toxin (TeTx) light chain, an inhibitor of exocytosis, also had a significant inhibitory effect on this form of LTP. These results suggest that distinct synaptic signaling underlies GluR2-lacking CP-AMPAR-dependent LTP, and reinforces the recent notions that CP-AMPARs are important facilitators of synaptic plasticity in the brain.

Dataset Information

The gravistimulation-induced very slow Ca²⁺ increase in Arabidopsis seedlings requires MCA1, a Ca²⁺-permeable mechanosensitive channel.

Publications

The gravistimulation-induced very slow Ca<sup>2+</sup> increase in Arabidopsis seedlings requires MCA1, a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-permeable mechanosensitive channel.

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