Dataset Information

Household Transmission of Seasonal Influenza From HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014.

ABSTRACT:

Background

We estimated the household secondary infection risk (SIR) and serial interval (SI) for influenza transmission from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected index cases.

Methods

Index cases were the first symptomatic person in a household with influenza-like illness, testing influenza positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from household contacts every 4 days were tested by rRT-PCR. Factors associated with SIR were evaluated using logistic regression.

Results

We enrolled 28 HIV-infected and 57 HIV-uninfected index cases. On multivariable analysis, HIV-infected index cases were less likely to transmit influenza to household contacts (odds ratio [OR] 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-0.6; SIR 16%, 18/113 vs 27%, 59/220). Factors associated with increased SIR included index age group 1-4 years (OR 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-11.3) and 25-44 years (OR 8.0; 95% CI, 1.8-36.7), and contact age group 1-4 years (OR 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2-10.3) compared to 5-14 years, and sleeping with index case (OR 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.5). HIV infection of index case was not associated with SI.

Conclusions

HIV-infection was not associated with SI. Increased infectiousness of HIV-infected individuals is likely not an important driver of community influenza transmission.

SUBMITTER: Cohen C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7804374 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Household Transmission of Seasonal Influenza From HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014.

Cohen Cheryl C Tshangela Akhona A Valley-Omar Ziyaad Z Iyengar Preetha P Von Mollendorf Claire C Walaza Sibongile S Hellferscee Orienka O Venter Marietjie M Martinson Neil N Mahlase Gethwana G McMorrow Meredith M Cowling Benjamin J BJ Treurnicht Florette K FK Cohen Adam L AL Tempia Stefano S

The Journal of infectious diseases 20190401 10

<h4>Background</h4>We estimated the household secondary infection risk (SIR) and serial interval (SI) for influenza transmission from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected index cases.<h4>Methods</h4>Index cases were the first symptomatic person in a household with influenza-like illness, testing influenza positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from household contacts every 4 days were tested by rRT-PCR. Factors associated with S ...[more]

PMID: 30541140

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Project description:Novel tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control strategies are urgently required. Utilising specimens from the Improving Retreatment Success (NCT02114684) trial we assessed the associations between inflammatory markers, measured during active TB, with treatment response and disease severity in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals. Multiplex immunoassays and ELISA were used to measure plasma expression of 24 cytokines/chemokines. Cytokines were log transformed to adjust for skewness. We conducted a nested, un-matched, case (n= 31) - control (n=101) study with cases defined as those participants who failed to sputum culture convert within 8-weeks of TB treatment initiation. Additionally, we examined the association between the measured cytokines and time to culture conversion and presence of lung cavitation using cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, respectively. Multivariable analyses adjusted for a wide range of baseline clinical and demographic variables. IP-10 expression during active TB was associated with increased odds of sputum culture conversion by 8-weeks overall (aOR 4.255, 95% CI 1.025 - 17.544, p=0.046)) and among HIV-infected individuals (OR 10.204, 95% CI 1.247 - 83.333, p=0.030). Increased MCP-3 (aHR 1.723, 95% CI 1.040 - 2.855, p=0.035) and IL-6 (aHR 1.409, 95% CI 1.045 - 1.899, p=0.024) expression was associated with a shorter time to culture conversion in the total cohort. Higher plasma expression of IL-6 (aHR 1.783, 95% CI 1.128 - 2.820, p=0.013), IL-1RA (aHR 2.595, 95% CI 1.136 - 5.926, p=0.024), IP-10 (aHR 2.068, 95% CI 1.034 - 4.137, p=0.040) and IL-1α (aHR 2.008, 95% CI 1.053 - 3.831, p=0.035) were significantly associated with shorter time to culture conversion among HIV-infected individuals. Increased IL-6 and IL-1RA expression was significantly associated with the presence of lung cavitation during active TB in the total cohort (OR 2.543, 95% CI 1.254 - 5.160, p=0.010), (OR 4.639, 95% CI 1.203 - 21.031, p=0.047) and in HIV-infected individuals (OR 2.644, 95% CI 1.062 - 6.585, p=0.037), (OR 7.795, 95% CI 1.177 - 51.611, p=0.033) respectively. Our results indicate that inflammatory cytokines/chemokines play an important role in TB disease outcome. Importantly, the observed associations were stronger in multivariable models highlighting the impact of behavioural and clinical variables on the expression of immune markers as well as their potential effects on TB outcome.

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Dataset Information

Household Transmission of Seasonal Influenza From HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Household Transmission of Seasonal Influenza From HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014.

Similar Datasets

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