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Wilms' Tumor Primary Cells Display Potent Immunoregulatory Properties on NK Cells and Macrophages.

ABSTRACT: The immune response plays a crucial defensive role in cancer growth and metastasis and is a promising target in different tumors. The role of the immune system in Wilm's Tumor (WT), a common pediatric renal malignancy, is still to be explored. The characterization of the immune environment in WT could allow the identification of new therapeutic strategies for targeting possible inhibitory mechanisms and/or lowering toxicity of the current treatments. In this study, we stabilized four WT primary cultures expressing either a blastematous (CD56⁺/CD133^-) or an epithelial (CD56^-/CD133⁺) phenotype and investigated their interactions with innate immune cells, namely NK cells and monocytes. We show that cytokine-activated NK cells efficiently kill WT cells. However, after co-culture with WT primary cells, NK cells displayed an impaired cytotoxic activity, decreased production of IFN? and expression of CD107a, DNAM-1 and NKp30. Analysis of the effects of the interaction between WT cells and monocytes revealed their polarization towards alternatively activated macrophages (M2) that, in turn, further impaired NK cell functions. In conclusion, we show that both WT blastematous and epithelial components may contribute directly and indirectly to a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment that is likely to play a role in tumor progression.

SUBMITTER: Fiore PF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7826641 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Wilms' Tumor Primary Cells Display Potent Immunoregulatory Properties on NK Cells and Macrophages.

Fiore Piera Filomena PF Vacca Paola P Tumino Nicola N Besi Francesca F Pelosi Andrea A Munari Enrico E Marconi Marcella M Caruana Ignazio I Pistoia Vito V Moretta Lorenzo L Azzarone Bruno B

Cancers 20210109 2

The immune response plays a crucial defensive role in cancer growth and metastasis and is a promising target in different tumors. The role of the immune system in Wilm's Tumor (WT), a common pediatric renal malignancy, is still to be explored. The characterization of the immune environment in WT could allow the identification of new therapeutic strategies for targeting possible inhibitory mechanisms and/or lowering toxicity of the current treatments. In this study, we stabilized four WT primary ...[more]

PMID: 33435455

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Project description:Background/purposeDespite high long-term survival rates in patients with Wilms tumor, there is a need to develop better prognostic biomarkers in order to maximize cure while avoiding treatment-associated morbidities. Tumor-associated macrophages have been recently associated with poorer prognosis and increased disease progression in a number of adult cancers. We investigated the relationship between macrophages and clinicopathological fators in this pediatric solid tumor.MethodsTissue microarray sections of 124 Wilms tumor cases obtained from the Cooperative Human Tissue Network were stained with CD68, a macrophage marker using standard immunohistochemical techniques and quantified using digital image processing techniques. Macrophage densities were correlated by tumor stage, and survival analyses were conducted with available clinical data. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 25 additional Wilms tumor cases obtained from the tumor bank at Columbia University Medical Center and correlated with presence of tumor microvascular invasion.ResultsMean macrophage count densities in stage IV tumors were significantly greater than densities in stage I and III tumors (p=.021, .036). Although the overall and disease-free survival did not differ between high and low macrophage presence groups across all stages, increased macrophage presence was associated with decreased disease-free survival in patients with stage II tumors (p=0.035). Increased macrophage presence may have also correlated with decreased disease-free survival in stage IV patients, but the sample size was too small to allow detection of this difference with significance (p=0.575). Increased macrophage presence was associated with tumor microvascular invasion (p=0.0004).ConclusionOur results suggest that macrophage recruitment may be associated with disease progression in Wilms tumor. Quantitation of macrophage presence may therefore be a useful adjunct in refining staging algorithms for patients with stage II Wilms tumor. Such data might be useful in the effort to reduce the risk of adverse effects associated with under- or overtreatment of this neoplasm.

Project description:BackgroundMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), adult stromal cells most commonly isolated from bone marrow (BM), are being increasingly utilized in various therapeutic applications including tissue repair via immunomodulation, which is recognized as one of their most relevant mechanism of action. The promise of MSC-based therapies is somewhat hindered by their apparent modest clinical benefits, highlighting the need for approaches that would increase the efficacy of such therapies. Manipulation of cellular stress-response mechanism(s) such as autophagy, a catabolic stress-response mechanism, with small molecules prior to or during MSC injection could improve MSCs' therapeutic efficacy. Unfortunately, limited information exists on how manipulation of autophagy affects MSCs' response to inflammation and subsequent immunoregulatory properties.MethodsIn this study, we exposed BM-MSC precursor cells, "marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible" (MIAMI) cells, to autophagy modulators tamoxifen (TX) or chloroquine (CQ), together with IFN-γ. Exposed cells then underwent RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to determine the effects of TX or CQ co-treatments on cellular response to IFN-γ at a molecular level. Furthermore, we evaluated their immunoregulatory capacity using activated CD4+ T cells by analyzing T cell activation marker CD25 and the percentage of proliferating T cells after co-culturing the cells with MIAMI cells treated or not with TX or CQ.ResultsRNAseq data indicate that the co-treatments alter both mRNA and protein levels of key genes responsible for MSCs' immune-regulatory properties. Interestingly, TX and CQ also altered some of the microRNAs targeting such key genes. In addition, while IFN-γ treatment alone increased the surface expression of PD-L1 and secretion of IDO, this increase was further enhanced with TX. An improvement in MIAMI cells' ability to decrease the activation and proliferation of T cells was also observed with TX, and to a lesser extent, CQ co-treatments.ConclusionAltogether, this work suggests that both TX and CQ have a potential to enhance MIAMI cells' immunoregulatory properties. However, this enhancement is more pronounced with TX co-treatment.

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Wilms' Tumor Primary Cells Display Potent Immunoregulatory Properties on NK Cells and Macrophages.

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Wilms' Tumor Primary Cells Display Potent Immunoregulatory Properties on NK Cells and Macrophages.

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