Dataset Information

The (in)dependency of blood and sweat sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose concentrations during submaximal exercise.

ABSTRACT:

Purpose

To reduce the need for invasive and expensive measures of human biomarkers, sweat is becoming increasingly popular in use as an alternative to blood. Therefore, the (in)dependency of blood and sweat composition has to be explored.

Methods

In an environmental chamber (33 °C, 65% relative humidity; RH), 12 participants completed three subsequent 20-min cycling stages to elicit three different local sweat rates (LSR) while aiming to limit changes in blood composition: at 60% of their maximum heart rate (HR_max), 70% HR_max and 80% HR_max, with 5 min of seated-rest in between. Sweat was collected from the arm and back during each stage and post-exercise. Blood was drawn from a superficial antecubital vein in the middle of each stage. Concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose were determined in blood plasma and sweat.

Results

With increasing exercise intensity, LSR, sweat sodium, chloride and glucose concentrations increased (P???0.026), while simultaneously limited changes in blood composition were elicited for these components (P???0.093). Sweat potassium, lactate and ammonia concentrations decreased (P???0.006), while blood potassium decreased (P?=?0.003), and blood ammonia and lactate concentrations increased with higher exercise intensities (P?=?0.005; P?=?0.007, respectively). The vast majority of correlations between blood and sweat parameters were non-significant (P?>?0.05), with few exceptions.

Conclusion

The data suggest that sweat composition is at least partly independent of blood composition. This has important consequences when targeting sweat as non-invasive alternative for blood measurements.

SUBMITTER: Klous L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7892530 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The (in)dependency of blood and sweat sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose concentrations during submaximal exercise.

Klous L L de Ruiter C J CJ Scherrer S S Gerrett N N Daanen H A M HAM

European journal of applied physiology 20201223 3

<h4>Purpose</h4>To reduce the need for invasive and expensive measures of human biomarkers, sweat is becoming increasingly popular in use as an alternative to blood. Therefore, the (in)dependency of blood and sweat composition has to be explored.<h4>Methods</h4>In an environmental chamber (33 °C, 65% relative humidity; RH), 12 participants completed three subsequent 20-min cycling stages to elicit three different local sweat rates (LSR) while aiming to limit changes in blood composition: at 60% ...[more]

PMID: 33355715

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Project description:PURPOSE: To characterize the expression patterns of the Na+-K+-Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC) 1 and NKCC2, and the Na+-Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC) in the rat lens and to determine if they play a role in regulating lens volume and transparency. METHODS: RT-PCR was performed on RNA extracted from fiber cells to identify sodium dependent cotransporters expressed in the rat lens. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, using NKCC1, NKCC2, and NCC antibodies, were used to verify expression at the protein level and to localize transporter expression. Organ cultured rat lenses were incubated in Artificial Aqueous Humor (AAH) of varying osmolarities or isotonic AAH that contained either the NKCC specific inhibitor bumetanide, or the NCC specific inhibitor thiazide for up to 18 h. Lens transparency was monitored with dark field microscopy, while tissue morphology and antibody labeling patterns were recorded using a confocal microscope. RESULTS: Molecular experiments showed that NKCC1 and NCC were expressed in the lens at both the transcript and protein levels, but NKCC2 was not. Immunohistochemistry showed that both NKCC1 and NCC were expressed in the lens cortex, but NCC expression was also found in the lens core. In the lens cortex the majority of labeling for both transporters was cytoplasmic in nature, while in the lens core, NCC labeling was associated with the membrane. Exposure of lenses to either hypotonic or hypertonic AAH had no noticeable effects on the predominantly cytoplasmic location of either transporter in the lens cortex. Incubation of lenses in isotonic AAH plus the NKCC inhibitor bumetanide for 18 h induced a cortical opacity that was initiated by a shrinkage of peripheral fiber cells and the dilation of the extracellular space between fiber cells in a deeper zone located some approximately 150 microm in from the capsule. In contrast, lenses incubated in isotonic AAH and the NCC inhibitor thiazide maintained both their transparency and their regular fiber cell morphology. CONCLUSIONS: We have confirmed the expression of NKCC1 in the rat lens and report for the first time the expression of NCC in lens fiber cells. The expression patterns of the two transporters and the differential effects of their specific inhibitors on fiber cell morphology indicate that these transporters play distinct roles in the lens. NKCC1 appears to mediate ion influx in the lens cortex while NCC may play a role in the lens nucleus.

Dataset Information

The (in)dependency of blood and sweat sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose concentrations during submaximal exercise.

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

The (in)dependency of blood and sweat sodium, chloride, potassium, ammonia, lactate and glucose concentrations during submaximal exercise.

Similar Datasets

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