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Alleviating Cr(VI) stress in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Var. Madhu) by native Cr-tolerant nodule endophytes isolated from contaminated site of Sukinda.

ABSTRACT: Sukinda chromite mine of Odisha is a heavily polluted site, generating huge overburden dumps. The present experiment was designed to evaluate the potential of two native nodule endophytic bacterial strains, viz. Bacillus aryabhattai AS03 (MT645244) and Rhizobium pusense AS05 (MT645243), isolated from contaminated sites to be considered remediation tool to minimize the effect of Cr toxicity on Macrotyloma uniflorum var. Madhu. The two nodule endophytic bacterial strains AS03 and AS05 exhibited tolerance to 1800 and 3000 ppm of Cr(VI) respectively in vitro when cultured alone. AAS analysis confirmed higher accumulation of Cr(VI) in roots and less accumulation in shoots which is dose-specific (bio-inoculant) either treated alone or combined. Complete absence of Cr accumulation approximately 99% in shoots of Macrotyloma was observed owing to synergistic effect of both the strains (biochar-based formulation). This study also suggests increased shoot and root length, nodule nos., and leghemoglobin content of the plant at 60 days indicating the plant growth-promoting effects of both the strains. ROS and antioxidant enzymes of the plant recorded decreasing trend in inoculated plants. However, a significant increment in transpiration rate, total photosynthetic rate, intracellular CO₂ conc., and stomatal conductance in leaves was observed owing to dual inoculation. Our findings corroborate the supremacy of synergistic effect of both the strains applied in the form of biochar-based biofertilizer in enhancing growth and tolerance index of M. uniflorum cultivated in Cr(VI)-stressed soil. This investigation depicts the efficiency of the two nodule bacteria as a mixed inoculant to alleviate Cr toxicity and making the seeds safe for consumption.

SUBMITTER: Dhali S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7896553 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alleviating Cr(VI) stress in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Var. Madhu) by native Cr-tolerant nodule endophytes isolated from contaminated site of Sukinda.

Dhali Shilpee S Pradhan Madhusmita M Sahoo Ranjan Kumar RK Mohanty Santanu S Pradhan Chinmay C

Environmental science and pollution research international 20210220 24

Sukinda chromite mine of Odisha is a heavily polluted site, generating huge overburden dumps. The present experiment was designed to evaluate the potential of two native nodule endophytic bacterial strains, viz. Bacillus aryabhattai AS03 (MT645244) and Rhizobium pusense AS05 (MT645243), isolated from contaminated sites to be considered remediation tool to minimize the effect of Cr toxicity on Macrotyloma uniflorum var. Madhu. The two nodule endophytic bacterial strains AS03 and AS05 exhibited to ...[more]

PMID: 33611748

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Project description:BackgroundDrought tolerance is an attribute maintained in plants by cross-talk between multiple and cascading metabolic pathways. Without a sequenced genome available for horse gram, it is difficult to comprehend such complex networks and intercalated genes associated with drought tolerance of horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum). Therefore, de novo transcriptome discovery and associated analyses was done for this highly drought tolerant yet under exploited legume to decipher its genetic makeup.ResultsEight samples comprising of shoot and root tissues of two horse gram genotypes (drought-sensitive; M-191 and drought-tolerant; M-249) were used for comparison under control and polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress conditions. Using Illumina sequencing technology, a total of 229,297,896 paired end read pairs were generated and utilized for de novo assembly of horse gram. Significant BLAST hits were obtained for 26,045 transcripts while, 3,558 transcripts had no hits but contained important conserved domains. A total of 21,887 unigenes were identified. SSRs containing sequences covered 16.25% of the transcriptome with predominant tri- and mono-nucleotides (43%). The total GC content of the transcriptome was found to be 43.44%. Under Gene Ontology response to stimulus, DNA binding and catalytic activity was highly expressed during drought stress conditions. Serine/threonine protein kinase was found to dominate in Enzyme Classification while pathways belonging to ribosome metabolism followed by plant pathogen interaction and plant hormone signal transduction were predominant in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. Independent search on plant metabolic network pathways suggested valine degradation, gluconeogenesis and purine nucleotide degradation to be highly influenced under drought stress in horse gram. Transcription factors belonging to NAC, MYB-related, and WRKY families were found highly represented under drought stress. qRT-PCR validated the expression profile for 9 out of 10 genes analyzed in response to drought stress.ConclusionsDe novo transcriptome discovery and analysis has generated enormous information over horse gram genomics. The genes and pathways identified suggest efficient regulation leading to active adaptation as a basal defense response against drought stress by horse gram. The knowledge generated can be further utilized for exploring other underexploited plants for stress responsive genes and improving plant tolerance.

Project description:The agronomic stability and nutritional importance of 30 (Test genotypes: 29 + Check: 1 = 30) promising horse gram mutants were evaluated in this multi-environment-based experiment (MEE). Attempts were made to (i) identify stable mutants for agronomic traits through AMMI and GGE biplot models, (ii) quantify nutritional traits, (iii) understand the linkage between yield and nutritional traits, and (iv) estimate physical (PP) and cooking properties (CP) of selected genotypes to fix their food-chain usability. The ANOVA of the pooled data exhibited significant differences among environments (E), genotypes (G), and GxE interaction. The combined AMMI and GGE results helped to identify a few good-yielding and stable genotypes (GYSM) (G1, G25, G3, and G27). The yield advantages of these GYSMs over the parent PAIYUR 2 are 42.99%, 34.63%, 28.68%, and 30.59% respectively. The nutrient profiling of mutants revealed (i) a significant coefficient of variation for macronutrients (fat: 29.98%; fibre: 20.72%, and protein: 5.01%), (ii) a good range of variation for micronutrients, and (iii) helped to identify macro (MaNSM) and micro nutrient-specific mutants (MiNSM). The relationship analysis between yield and nutrient traits ascertained that yield had (i) positivity with protein (r2 = 0.69) and negativity for micronutrients except for Mn (r2 = 0.63), Cu (r2 = 0.46), and B (r2 = 0.01) in GYSM, (ii) positivity with protein and fibre in MaNSM, and (iii) negativity with micronutrients in MiNSM. Of the GYSM, G1 and G25 offer scope for commercial exploitation, and their PP and CP analyses revealed that G1 can be used for pastry and baked product preparation while G25 for weaning foods. Cooking time exhibited positivity with seed size parameters and negativity with water absorption capacity (r2 = - 0.53). An LC-MS-MS-based amino acid (AA) fractionation study showed the effect of induced mutagenesis on the contents of amino acids and also revealed the significance of horse gram for its lysine and methionine contents.

Dataset Information

Alleviating Cr(VI) stress in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Var. Madhu) by native Cr-tolerant nodule endophytes isolated from contaminated site of Sukinda.

Publications

Alleviating Cr(VI) stress in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum Var. Madhu) by native Cr-tolerant nodule endophytes isolated from contaminated site of Sukinda.

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