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Immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus strain ZG1999HDS applied oculonasally or by means of nebulization to day-old chicks.

ABSTRACT: Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the classic viral infections of poultry which resists all the efforts of eradication. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ZG1999HDS was isolated during the outbreak in 1,999 at a broiler farm in Croatia. Previous trials in chickens confirmed it to be a lentogenic pathotype and immunogenic by stimulating humoral and cell mediated immunity. Further characterization by deduced amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of fusion protein confirmed its lentogenic nature, and in vitro tests its oncolytic capacity. Owing to its immunogenicity, strain ZG1999HDS is considered for vaccine development. In this study, 1-day-old chicks were vaccinated using strain ZG1999HDS oculonasally or by nebulization. Strain ZG1999HDS induced humoral immune response in both immunized groups The cell-mediated immune response occurred earlier in the group immunized by nebulization, as shown by a higher frequency rate of T and B lymphocytes, and significantly higher expression of IFN-? in respiratory organs and IFN-? expression in the spleen. Viral genomic RNA was not detected in investigated organs. Thus, NDV strain ZG1999HDS is immunogenic when administered by means of nebulization or oculonasally without any adverse effects and is therefore suitable for further research and vaccine development. Further research is needed regarding its tropism.

SUBMITTER: Cvetic Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7905476 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus strain ZG1999HDS applied oculonasally or by means of nebulization to day-old chicks.

Cvetić Željko Ž Nedeljković Gordana G Jergović Mladen M Bendelja Krešo K Mazija Hrvoje H Gottstein Željko Ž

Poultry science 20210118 4

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the classic viral infections of poultry which resists all the efforts of eradication. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain ZG1999HDS was isolated during the outbreak in 1,999 at a broiler farm in Croatia. Previous trials in chickens confirmed it to be a lentogenic pathotype and immunogenic by stimulating humoral and cell mediated immunity. Further characterization by deduced amino acid sequence at the cleavage site of fusion protein confirmed its lentogenic natur ...[more]

PMID: 33610897

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Project description:White chick syndrome (WCS) is an emergent disease that affects hatchability and hatched chicks, resulting in high mortality and economic losses, and is related to chicken astrovirus (CAstV). This syndrome has been reported in several countries worldwide, and groups A iii and B vi of CAstV have been determined; however, in Brazil, the virus has not been genotyped. The innate immunity of chicks affected by WCS or any CAstV is poorly understood and studied, and it is important to determine whether relative cytokine expression occurs during the early stages of the life of chicks. The aim of the present investigation is to detect and molecularly characterize CAstV associated with WCS, examine the macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the jejunum and spleen, and determine cytokine expression in the jejunum, liver, spleen and thymus of chicks naturally infected with WCS. To do so, we applied a pathological and molecular approach for CAstV detection and characterization, as well as the quantification of the relative mRNA expression of several cytokine genes. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences obtained herein classified CAstV as uniquely belonging to group B iv, showing a high similarity of nucleotides (NT) (75.7-80.6%) and amino acids (AA) (84.2-89.9%) with the members of group B and a low similarity of NT (46.7-47.9%) and AA (37.8-38.9%) with the virus belonging in group A. CAstV was also detected and quantified in the serum, spleen, thymus and jejunum, the latter being the organ where CAstV had the highest viral concentration. However, this organ did not present any microscopical alterations. In contrast, we observed necrotic hepatitis in the liver of the affected subjects. On the other hand, we observed the activation of several T helper 1 (Th1)- and T helper 2 (Th2)-cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, TGF-β4, TNF-SF-15 and t-BET), without being able to control the viral replication due to the high concentration of viral particles in some organs, principally in the gut. One possible role of these cytokines is contributing to the control of inflammation and cell protection of intestinal cells, principally during the early activation of immune responses. However, the fact that these responses are not mature enough to control the viral infection means that more studies need to be carried out to elucidate this topic.

Dataset Information

Immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus strain ZG1999HDS applied oculonasally or by means of nebulization to day-old chicks.

Publications

Immunogenicity of Newcastle disease virus strain ZG1999HDS applied oculonasally or by means of nebulization to day-old chicks.

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