Dataset Information

Long-Term Sinonasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Anti-Staphylococcal Humoral Immune Response in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

ABSTRACT: We investigated Staphylococcus aureus diversity, genetic factors, and humoral immune responses against antigens via genome analysis of S. aureus isolates from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients in a long-term follow-up. Of the 42 patients who provided S. aureus isolates and serum for a previous study, 34 could be included for follow-up after a decade. Clinical examinations were performed and bacterial samples were collected from the maxillary sinus and nares. S. aureus isolates were characterized by whole-genome sequencing, and specific anti-staphylococcal IgG in serum was determined using protein arrays. S. aureus was detected in the nares and/or maxillary sinus at both initial inclusion and follow-up in 15 of the 34 respondents (44%). Three of these (20%) had S. aureus isolates from the same genetic lineage as at inclusion. A low number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified when comparing isolates from nares and maxillary sinus collected at the same time point. The overall change of antibody responses to staphylococcal antigens over time showed great variability, and no correlation was found between the presence of genes encoding antigens and the corresponding anti-staphylococcal IgG in serum; thus our findings did not support a role, in CRS, of the specific S. aureus antigens investigated.

SUBMITTER: Thunberg U

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7912147 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long-Term Sinonasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Anti-Staphylococcal Humoral Immune Response in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Thunberg Ulrica U Hugosson Svante S Ehricht Ralf R Monecke Stefan S Müller Elke E Cao Yang Y Stegger Marc M Söderquist Bo B

Microorganisms 20210127 2

We investigated Staphylococcus aureus diversity, genetic factors, and humoral immune responses against antigens via genome analysis of S. aureus isolates from chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients in a long-term follow-up. Of the 42 patients who provided S. aureus isolates and serum for a previous study, 34 could be included for follow-up after a decade. Clinical examinations were performed and bacterial samples were collected from the maxillary sinus and nares. S. aureus ...[more]

PMID: 33513900

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Project description:Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Staphylococcus aureus is increasingly linked with CRS exacerbations. Little is known about how bacteria activate inflammatory pathways that contribute to CRS.To develop an in vitro coculture system to explore how infection with S aureus stimulates innate immune responses of sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs).Sinonasal epithelial cells were collected from 13 patients during endoscopic sinus surgery and grown in culture at the air-liquid interface from July 2014 through December 2014.Differentiated SNECs from control individuals, patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), and patients with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs) were infected with S aureus at 3 different concentrations for 24 hours.Growth of S aureus and viability of SNECs were measured. Expression of inflammatory markers and innate immune genes was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Basal secretion of interleukin 8 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Cultured SNECs from patients with CRSsNPs demonstrated a significant increase (P?<?.05) in expression of interleukin 8 (23-fold to 82-fold) and tumor necrosis factor (11-fold to 61-fold) at all the tested concentrations of S aureus. Control or CRSwNP SNECs demonstrated a significant increase (P?<?.05) in expression of interleukin 8 (47-fold and 50-fold, respectively) and tumor necrosis factor (106-fold and 58-fold, respectively) at the higher inoculum of S aureus. Basal secretion of inflammatory markers correlated with expression changes. No significant changes in expression were observed for the helper T cell, subtype 2, inflammatory mediators tested.In this study, we developed a model to study early innate immune-mediated changes in SNECs cocultured at an air-liquid interface with bacteria. We also demonstrated that bacterial burden can be detected by SNECs in the absence of adaptive immune-mediated responses. The CRSsNP SNECs are more sensitive to S aureus burden than control or CRSwNP SNECs. Future studies will further develop this infection model and explore the SNEC innate immune response to bacteria.

Project description:ImportanceStaphylococcus aureus infections are associated with recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The emerging threat of multidrug-resistant S aureus infections has revived interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy.ObjectiveTo investigate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of ascending multiple intranasal doses of investigational phage cocktail AB-SA01 in patients with recalcitrant CRS due to S aureus.Design, setting, and participantsThis phase 1, first-in-humans, open-label clinical trial of multiple ascending doses was conducted at a single tertiary referral center from December 1, 2015, through September 30, 2016, with follow-up completed on December 31, 2016. Patients with recalcitrant CRS (aged 18-70 years) in whom surgical and medical treatment had failed and who had positive S aureus cultures sensitive to AB-SA01 were recruited. Findings were analyzed from February 2 through August 31, 2017.InterventionsThree patient cohorts (3 patients/cohort) received serial doses of twice-daily intranasal irrigations with AB-SA01 at a concentration of 3 × 108 plaque-forming units (PFU) for 7 days (cohort 1), 3 × 108 PFU for 14 days (cohort 2), and 3 × 109 PFU for 14 days (cohort 3).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary study outcome was the safety and tolerability of intranasal AB-SA01. Safety observations included vital signs, physical examinations, clinical laboratory test results, and adverse events. The secondary outcome was preliminary efficacy assessed by comparing pretreatment and posttreatment microbiology results, disease-relevant endoscopic Lund-Kennedy Scores, and symptom scores using a visual analog scale and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22.ResultsAll 9 participants (4 men and 5 women; median age, 45 years [interquartile range, 41.0-71.5 years]) completed the trial. Intranasal phage treatment was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events or deaths reported in any of the 3 cohorts. No change in vital signs occurred before and 0.5 and 2.0 hours after administration of AB-SA01 and at the exit visit. No changes in biochemistry were found except for 1 participant in cohort 3 who showed a decrease in blood bicarbonate levels on exit visit, with normal results of physical examination and vital signs. All biochemistry values were normalized 8 days later. No changes in temperature were recorded before, during, or after treatment. Six adverse effects were reported in 6 participants; all were classified as mild treatment-emergent adverse effects and resolved by the end of the study. Preliminary efficacy results indicated favorable outcomes across all cohorts, with 2 of 9 patients showing clinical and microbiological evidence of eradication of infection.Conclusions and relevanceIntranasal irrigation with AB-SA01 of doses to 3 × 109 PFU for 14 days was safe and well tolerated, with promising preliminary efficacy observations. Phage therapy could be an alternative to antibiotics for patients with CRS.Trial registrationhttp://anzctr.org.au identifier: ACTRN12616000002482.

Dataset Information

Long-Term Sinonasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and Anti-Staphylococcal Humoral Immune Response in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Publications

Long-Term Sinonasal Carriage of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Anti-Staphylococcal Humoral Immune Response in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

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