Dataset Information

Level of hemoglobin among cow milk and camel milk consuming young children: A comparative study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cow milk is an important source of macro-and micronutrients. However, it has low iron content but high content of casein and calcium thus could negatively influence hemoglobin synthesis. On the other hand, camel milk contains higher iron concentration than cow milk. In addition, the majority of iron in camel milk is associated with the lower molecular fraction of casein suggesting better bioavailability. Furthermore, vitamin C concentration, a useful iron absorption enhancer, is more than three-fold greater in camel milk than cow milk. This study compared hemoglobin concentration among young children consuming consistently cow milk or camel milk.

Methods

Hemoglobin concentration of young children (aged 6-59 mo) from settled pastoralist communities of the Somali region, Ethiopia, consistently consuming cow milk (n = 166) or camel milk (n = 166) was determined. In addition, socio-demographic and water, sanitation, and hygienic (WASH) conditions of study participants' households were captured. Furthermore, dietary intake and anthropometric characteristics of participating children were assessed.

Results

Among the participating children, 38.6% were underweight, 33.4% were stunted, and 34.5% were wasted. In addition, 77.4% of children were anemic. The present study households had poor WASH conditions. Only 0.6% of children had the minimum acceptable dietary diversity. There was small but significant mean hemoglobin difference among camel milk and cow milk consuming children (9.6±1.8 g/dl vs 9.1±2.2 g/dl; p = 0.012). In addition, the odds of low hemoglobin concentration was greater among cow milk consuming children than camel milk consuming children [AOR 2.17; 95 CI; 1.39, 3.37; p = 0.001]. However, the overall anemia prevalence among the two groups was similar.

Conclusion

Camel milk consumption is associated with better hemoglobin concentration but may not be sufficient to prevent anemia in populations from resource poor settings. The etiology of anemia is multifactorial thus further studies on the link between milk consumption and hemoglobin concentration are important.

SUBMITTER: Abdurahman A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7932090 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Level of hemoglobin among cow milk and camel milk consuming young children: A comparative study.

Abdurahman Ahmed A Gashu Dawd D

PloS one 20210304 3

<h4>Background</h4>Cow milk is an important source of macro-and micronutrients. However, it has low iron content but high content of casein and calcium thus could negatively influence hemoglobin synthesis. On the other hand, camel milk contains higher iron concentration than cow milk. In addition, the majority of iron in camel milk is associated with the lower molecular fraction of casein suggesting better bioavailability. Furthermore, vitamin C concentration, a useful iron absorption enhancer, ...[more]

PMID: 33662032

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Project description:Abstract Objectives The first year of life is a critical window for appropriate enteric microbiome development. Variations in infant diets have persistent effects on gut microbial ecology. Compared to intact protein formulas (IPF), partially hydrolyzed infant formulas (PHF) contain broken down milk proteins and may impact development of atopic conditions in high-risk infants. However, the effects of PHFs on the developing gut microbiome are not known. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of the GLOWING study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01131117). Infant stool samples were collected at 6 months of age and microbial composition was examined via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4 region) using standardized methods. Samples were grouped by primary feeding type: Exclusive breastfeeding (BF; n = 42), IPF (n = 17), or PHF (n = 12). We used linear models to examine the effects of feeding type adjusting for lifetime breastfeeding exposure at 6 mo. Group differences in α-diversity (richness and diversity) and relative abundances were assessed by ANOVA or t-test. Between-specimen diversity (β-diversity) was assessed using Bray − Curtis dissimilarities. Results Total breast milk exposure did not differ between PHF and IPF (mean 32.3% of feeds from human milk, p = 0.08). Analysis of α-diversity showed higher evenness (Shannon, Simpson) in IPF and higher richness (Chao1, Observed OTU) in PHF. However, these differences were no longer significant after adjusting for breastmilk exposure. β-diversity did not differ between groups. At the genus level compared to BF, infants fed IPF had higher abundance of Parabacteroides, while those fed PHF had higher Erwinia and Clostridium. Peptostreptococcaceae family was also increased in PHF fed infants. Compared to IPF, the PHF group had higher abundance of Clostridium genus, and Peptostreptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae families. Elevated Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridiales have previously been found in children with food allergies. Conclusions Our results suggest that partially hydrolyzed infant formulas may have modest impacts on the gut microbiome compared to intact protein formulas. Larger samples sizes are needed to fully characterize these differences and potential influence on long-term health. Funding Sources U.S. Department of Agriculture, NIDDK.

Dataset Information

Level of hemoglobin among cow milk and camel milk consuming young children: A comparative study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Level of hemoglobin among cow milk and camel milk consuming young children: A comparative study.

Similar Datasets

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