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Production and Application of Triblock Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Anionic Copolymers in Aqueous Systems.

ABSTRACT: Although lignin is currently an under-utilized biopolymer, it has the potential to be valorized through different modification pathways to yield alternative products to petroleum-based ones. In this work, hydrolysis lignin (HL) was copolymerized with acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) under acidic conditions to generate the lignin/AM polymer (HM), lignin/AA polymer (HA), and lignin/AM/AA copolymer (HAM) with different negative charge densities and molecular weights. Lignin-based polymers characterized by advanced tools, such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), gel permission chromatography (GPC), and elemental analysis confirmed the successful polymerization of HL with AM, AA, or AM/AA monomers. The adsorption analysis using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) revealed that compared to diblock HM and HA, the triblock copolymers of HAM adsorbed more on the Al₂O₃ surface and generated a bulkier adsorbed layer, which is important for lignin-based coating formulation. HAM1 with a lower charge density yielded a higher surface excess density, while HAM2 with a larger R _h occupied more space (153.7 Å²) at the interface of water and Al₂O₃. In suspension systems, because of the higher M _w, R _h, and adsorption affinity, the bridging performance of HAM2 was more remarkable than that of the other lignin derivatives for Al₂O₃ particles via forming stronger flocs (with a deflocculation parameter, T _df, of 80.6 s). However, the diblock lignin-AA (HA1) polymer showed the fastest floc regrowth capability after reducing the shear forces (with a reflocculation parameter, T _rf, of 62.5 s). The high thermal stability, T _g, and rheological characteristics of the HAM copolymer proved that it can be an excellent material for coating formulations and flocculants for wastewater treatment systems.

SUBMITTER: Sabaghi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7948438 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Production and Application of Triblock Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Anionic Copolymers in Aqueous Systems.

Sabaghi Sanaz S Alipoormazandarani Niloofar N Fatehi Pedram P

ACS omega 20210223 9

Although lignin is currently an under-utilized biopolymer, it has the potential to be valorized through different modification pathways to yield alternative products to petroleum-based ones. In this work, hydrolysis lignin (HL) was copolymerized with acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) under acidic conditions to generate the lignin/AM polymer (HM), lignin/AA polymer (HA), and lignin/AM/AA copolymer (HAM) with different negative charge densities and molecular weights. Lignin-based polymers char ...[more]

PMID: 33718730

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Project description:BackgroundThe emerging cellulosic bioethanol industry will generate huge amounts of lignin-rich residues that may be converted into biogas by anaerobic digestion (AD) to increase the output of energy carriers from the biorefinery plants. The carbohydrates fraction of lignocellulosic biomass is degradable, whereas the lignin fraction is generally considered difficult to degrade during AD. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of biogas production by AD from hydrolysis lignin (HL), prepared by steam explosion (SE) and enzymatic saccharification of birch. A novel nylon bag technique together with two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify recalcitrant and degradable structures in the lignin during AD.ResultsThe HL had a lignin content of 80% which included pseudo-lignin and condensed-lignin structures resulting from the SE pretreatment. The obtained methane yield from HL was almost twofold higher than the theoretical methane from the carbohydrate fraction alone, indicating that part of the lignin was converted to methane. Characterization of the undegradable material after AD revealed a substantial loss of signals characteristic for carbohydrates and lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCC), indicating conversion of these chemical components to methane during AD. The β-O-4' linkage and resinol were not modified as such in AD, but major change was seen for the S/G ratio from 5.8 to 2.6, phenylcoumaran from 4.9 to 1.0%, and pseudo-lignin and condensed-lignin were clearly degraded. Scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermal analysis measurements demonstrated changes in morphology and thermal properties following SE pretreatment and AD. Our results showed that carbohydrate, LCC, pseudo-lignin, and condensed-lignin degradation had contributed to methane production. The energy yield for the combined ethanol production and biogas production was 8.1 MJ fuel per kg DM of substrate (4.9 MJ/kg from ethanol and 3.2 MJ/kg from methane).ConclusionThis study shows the benefit of using a novel bag technique together with advanced analytical techniques to investigate the degradation mechanisms of lignin during AD, and also points to a possible application of HL produced in cellulosic bioethanol plants.

Dataset Information

Production and Application of Triblock Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Anionic Copolymers in Aqueous Systems.

Publications

Production and Application of Triblock Hydrolysis Lignin-Based Anionic Copolymers in Aqueous Systems.

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