Transient Effect of Infant Formula Supplementation on the Intestinal Microbiota.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chin N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7998963 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Infant microbiota is influenced by numerous factors, such as delivery mode, environment, prematurity and diet (breast milk or formula) and last but not least, the diet composition. In the diet composition, protein and carbohydrate are very important for the growth of microbiota, many infant fomulas (different ratio protein/carbohydrate) can regulate the development of gut microbiota by different metabolism. The effect of low-protein, high-carbohydrate infant formula on the establishment of microbiota remains unclear, and the effect of human breast milk on the gut microbiota of the rats has also not been reported.In a 7 d intervention, a total of 36 neonatal SD rats (14 d old) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) breast-fed group (A group); (2) low-protein, high-carbohydrate infant formula-fed group (B group); (3) human breast milk-fed group (C group). After 7 days, we selected 6 rats at random from each group to study. Microbial composition in the contents of the large intestines was analysed by Miseq Sequencing. Significantly different (p<0.05) microbial colonisation patterns were observed in the large intestines of breast-fed group from low-protein, high-carbohydrate infant formula-fed and human breast milk-fed rats, but the microbiota of low-protein, high-carbohydrate infant formula-fed group and human breast milk-fed group have high similarity. At the phylum level, the absolute quantity of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (p<0.001) significantly differentiated in breast-fed group from low- protein, high- carbohydrate infant formula-fed and human breast milk-fed groups. Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Prevotellaceae were the 4 top families in breast-fed group, but the top 4 families in low-protein, high- carbohydrate infant formula-fed and human breast milk-fed groups were the same, which were Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Lachnospiraceae. At the genus level, Bacteroides was the most abundant division, their OTUS abundance in three groups was 14.91%, 35.94%, 43.24% respectively.This study showed that infant formula closer resembling human milk was more different than rats' breast milk and led to a microbiota profile similar to that for human breast milk-fed neonates. The finding could support a new thinking to develop infant formulas, and provide much more details than what is known previously.
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Project description:Development of the intestinal microbiota in preterm infants during the first six postnatal weeks determined by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
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Project description:A total of 75 pigs were used to investigate effects of feeding Two Macrocephala Flavored Powder (TMFP) on small intestinal morphology, intestinal microbiota in weaning pigs. The dietary treatments were: a control diet; control diet + 3 g/kg TMFP; control diet + 0.3 g/kg colistin sulfate (ANT). The results showed that supplementation with TMFP increased (P < 0.05) villus height at duodenum, jejunum at 3 time points, increased (P < 0.05) crypt depth at duodenum, jejunum at day 14, improved villus height: crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) in jejunum at day 21 as compared with ANT. Supplementation of TMFP and ANT had lower (P < 0.05) E. coli counts in the ileum, cecum and colon at day 7 as compared with control. Supplementation of TMFP had higher (P < 0.05) bifidobacteria counts in the ileum, cecum and colon compared with ANT, except for colon at day 21. No effect (P > 0.05) on lactobacilli in colon has been seen with supplementation of TMFP and ANT at 3 time points, while both of supplementations showed increased the number of lactobacilli in cecum at day 14 and day 21. Analysis of DGGE fingerprints indicated that a highest similarity was observed for profiles from samples taken 14 d, 21 d from TMFP. The diversity of DGGE fingerprints of TMFP was higher than those of ANT and control. The results suggest that TMFP is potential to enhancing intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaning pigs, and can be served as an effective and safe dietary additive for weaning pigs.
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Project description:Powder Infant formula Genome sequencing and assembly
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Project description:Almost immediately after a human being is born, so too is a new microbial ecosystem, one that resides in that person's gastrointestinal tract. Although it is a universal and integral part of human biology, the temporal progression of this process, the sources of the microbes that make up the ecosystem, how and why it varies from one infant to another, and how the composition of this ecosystem influences human physiology, development, and disease are still poorly understood. As a step toward systematically investigating these questions, we designed a microarray to detect and quantitate the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences of most currently recognized species and taxonomic groups of bacteria. We used this microarray, along with sequencing of cloned libraries of PCR-amplified SSU rDNA, to profile the microbial communities in an average of 26 stool samples each from 14 healthy, full-term human infants, including a pair of dizygotic twins, beginning with the first stool after birth and continuing at defined intervals throughout the first year of life. To investigate possible origins of the infant microbiota, we also profiled vaginal and milk samples from most of the mothers, and stool samples from all of the mothers, most of the fathers, and two siblings. The composition and temporal patterns of the microbial communities varied widely from baby to baby. Despite considerable temporal variation, the distinct features of each baby's microbial community were recognizable for intervals of weeks to months. The strikingly parallel temporal patterns of the twins suggested that incidental environmental exposures play a major role in determining the distinctive characteristics of the microbial community in each baby. By the end of the first year of life, the idiosyncratic microbial ecosystems in each baby, although still distinct, had converged toward a profile characteristic of the adult gastrointestinal tract.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Post-natal gut maturation in infants interrelates maturation of the morphology, digestive, and immunological functions and gut microbiota development. Here, we explored both microbiota development and markers of gut barrier and maturation in healthy term infants during their early life to assess the interconnection of gut functions during different infant formulae regimes. METHODS:A total of 203 infants were enrolled in this randomized double-blind controlled trial including a breastfed reference group. Infants were fed starter formulae for the first four weeks of life, supplemented with different combination of nutrients (lactoferrin, probiotics (Bifidobacterium animal subsp. Lactis) and prebiotics (Bovine Milk-derived Oligosaccharides-BMOS)) and subsequently fed the control formula up to eight weeks of life. Stool microbiota profiles and biomarkers of early gut maturation, calprotectin (primary outcome), elastase, ?-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and neopterin were measured in feces at one, two, four, and eight weeks. RESULTS:Infants fed formula containing BMOS had lower mean calprotectin levels over the first two to four weeks compared to the other formula groups. Elastase and AAT levels were closer to levels observed in breastfed infants. No differences were observed for neopterin. Global differences between the bacterial communities of all groups were assessed by constrained multivariate analysis with hypothesis testing. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) at genus level showed overlap between microbiota profiles at one and four weeks of age in the BMOS supplemented formula group with the breastfed reference, dominated by bifidobacteria. Microbiota profiles of all groups at four weeks were significantly associated with the calprotectin levels at 4 (CCA, p = 0.018) and eight weeks of age (CCA, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION:A meaningful correlation was observed between changes in microbiota composition and gut maturation marker calprotectin. The supplementation with BMOS seems to favor gut maturation closer to that of breastfed infants.
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Project description:Evidence is accumulating that nutritional exposures in utero can influence health outcomes in later life. Animal studies and human epidemiological studies have implicated epigenetic modifications as playing a key role in this process, but there are limited data from large well-controlled human intervention trials. This study utilised a large double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to test whether a defined nutritional exposure in utero, in this case docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could alter the infant epigenome. Pregnant mothers consumed DHA-rich fish oil (800 mg DHA/d) or placebo supplements from 20 weeks’ gestation to delivery. Blood spots were collected from the children at birth (n=991) and blood leukocytes at 5 years (n=667). Global DNA methylation was measured in all samples and Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip arrays were used for genome-wide methylation profiling in a subset of 369 children at birth and 65 children at 5 years. There were no differences in global DNA methylation levels between the DHA and control group either at birth or at 5 years, but we identified 21 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at birth, showing small DNA methylation differences (<5%) between the treatment groups, some of which seemed to persist until 5 years. The number of DMRs at birth was greater in males (127 DMRs) and in females (72 DMRs) separately, indicating a gender-specific effect. In conclusion, maternal DHA supplementation during the second half of pregnancy had small effects on DNA methylation of infants. While the potential functional significance of these changes remains to be determined, these findings further support the role of epigenetic modifications in developmental programming in humans, and points the way for future studies.
2018-02-06 | GSE89278 | GEO
Project description:The use of allium extract containing propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) as hen feed supplement was evaluated to demonstrate its positive effect on egg production and intestinal microbiota modulation. The study was carried out on 90 laying hens whose feed was supplemented with allium extract for 28 days. Nutritional properties of eggs were not affected, whereas an improvement in productivity was observed based on the increase weight of eggs. In addition, a modulator effect on intestinal microbiota was confirmed by the increase in Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., as well as by the reduction in Enterobacteriaceae populations. Finally, the preservation of egg composition was checked by monitoring the content of PTSO, using a new analytical method consisting of the use of solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Consequently, based on current results, Allium spp. extract rich in organosulfur compounds such as PTSO added to the diet had a beneficial effect on the microbiota and would seem to be a possible alternative to increase productivity, while not affecting the biochemical composition of egg. However, further studies on the effects of allium extract as feed supplement are necessary.
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