Characterization of the leafhopper mitogenome of Mileewa alara (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae) and its phylogenetic analysis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: He H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8009127 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In this study, the mitochondrial genome of Mileewa margheritae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae) was sequenced and annotated. The mitogenome of M. margheritae is 15376 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. The A + T content in the mitogenome was 79%. Most of PCGs started with ATN and stopped with TAA while ATP8 and ND5 started with TTG, COX2, ND1 stopped with incomplete T, Cytb stopped with TAG. We further constructed a Bayesian phylogenetic tree among M. margheritae, M. albovittata and other Cicadellidae species. The constructed phylogenetic tree suggests the close evolutionary relationship between M. margheritae and M. albovittata.
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Project description:More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.
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Project description:The mitogenome of one Mileewinae species Mileewa ponta was sequenced and annotated according to close Cicadellidae species in this study. Annotation shows the mitogenome of M. ponta is 15999 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. The A + T content in the mitogenome was 79.9%. Besides, we further constructed a Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree among M. ponta, M. albovittata, M. margheritae and other Cicadellidae species. Each subfamily species clustered together, and M. ponta clustered with M. albovittata, M. margheritae. This mitogenome will contribute to the further systematics and evolution study of subfamily Mileewinae.
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Project description:Mitogenomes have been widely used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among insects and provide data useful for augmenting traditional morphological characters in delimiting species. Here, complete mitogenome sequences of two closely related typhlocybine leafhoppers, Cassianeura cassiae (Ahmed, 1970) and C. bimaculata Dworakowska, 1984, were obtained and found to be 15,423 bp and 14,597 bp in length, respectively. The gene order was found to be similar to other published leafhopper mitogenomes, but the control region of C. bimaculata is the shortest among known leafhoppers and lacks tandem repeats. Phylogenetic analysis of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), the first and second codons of 13 PCGs, 13 PCGs and two rRNAs formed three well-supported tree topologies. The topologies of phylogenetic trees inferred from three datasets were almost identical, which was consistent with previous molecular phylogenies of this group. Comparative morphological study of the ovipositors revealed several characters potentially useful for diagnosing genera and resolving their phylogenetic relationships. Phylogenetic analysis of these and other morphological characters yielded a tree that is mostly consistent with the tree obtained from analysis of mitogenome sequences. In both molecular and morphological phylogenenies, Typhlocybini and Zyginellini clustered into one clade, but neither was recovered as monophyletic.
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Project description:The first two complete mitogenomes of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (C. biungulata and C. robusta) were sequenced and annotated to further explore the phylogeny of Cladolidia. Both the newly sequenced mitogenomes have a typical circular structure, with lengths of 15,247 and 15,376 bp and A + T contents of 78.2% and 78%, respectively. We identified a highly conserved genome organization in the two Cladolidia spp. through comparative analysis that included the following assessments: genome content, gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage, amino acid composition, and tRNA secondary structure. Moreover, we detected the base heterogeneity of Cicadellidae mitogenomic data and constructed phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide alignments of 12 subfamilies of 58 leafhopper species. We noted a weak heterogeneity in the base composition among the Cicadellidae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the monophyly of each subfamily was generally well supported in the family Cicadellidae; the main topology was as follows: (Deltocephalinae + (Treehoppers + ((Megophthalminae + (Macropsinae + (Hylicinae + (Coelidiinae +Iassinae)) + (Idiocerinae + (Cicadellinae + (Typhlocybinae + (Mileewinae + (Evacanthinae +Ledrinae)))))))))). Within Coelidiinae, phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. biungulata and C. robusta belong to Coelidiinae and the monophyly of Cladolidia is well supported. In addition, on the basis of complete mitogenome phylogenetic analysis and the comparison of morphological characteristics, we further confirm the genus Olidiana as a paraphyletic group, suggesting that the genus may need taxonomic revisions.
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Project description:To accumulate evidence of the phylogeny of Mileewinae and the relationships among Mileewa, Processina, and Ujna genera, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of four Mileewa spp., namely, Mileewa mira, Mileewa lamellata, Mileewa sharpa, and Mileewa amplimacula. The first complete mitogenome of the genus Processina (P. sexmaculata), established by Yang, Deitz & Li from China and comprising five species, was also sequenced in this study. Annotation showed that the five mitogenomes were 14787 -15436 bp in length, and all harbored 37 typical genes. The AT content of the five mitogenomes ranged from 78.3% to 80.2%, which was similar to that of other sequenced Mileewinae species. For protein-coding genes (PCGs), ATN was the start codon, while atp8 and nad5 genes were initiated with TTG, and a great majority of them used TAA or TAG as stop codons, whereas cox2 and nad1 ended with an incomplete codon T-. All tRNAs had a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnS1, which had a reduced dihydrouridine arm. We further used 59 Membracoidea species and two outgroups to reconstruct phylogenetic trees based on 13 PCGs under an independent partition model with Bayesian inference and Maximum-likelihood methods. Among these two trees, each of the subfamilies Cicadellinae, Typhlocybinae, and Mileewinae were recovered as a monophyletic group with high support values, suggesting that Typhlocybinae was more ancient than Mileewinae and Cicadellinae. Within the Mileewinae subfamily, all species maintained the same relationships and topologies according to both the BI and ML analyses (PP > 0.8, BS > 83) as follows: (M. sharpa + (U. puerana + ((M. ponta + (M. mira + M. lamellata)) + ((M. albovittata + (M. margheritae + M. amplimacula)) + (M. rufivena + (P. sexmaculata + M. alara)))))), and the monophyly of the genera Processina, Mileewa and Ujna were not supported. This study further enriches the Mileewinae mitogenome database and will contribute to future research on the systematics, evolution, and classification of this group.
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