H3 K27M Mutation in Gangliogliomas can be Associated with Poor Prognosis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8029072 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Due to the rare incidence of spinal cord astrocytomas, their molecular features remain unclear. Here, we characterized the landscapes of mutations in H3 K27M, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132H, BRAF V600E, and the TERT promoter in 83 diffuse spinal cord astrocytic tumors. Among these samples, thirty-five patients had the H3 K27M mutation; this mutant could be observed in histological grade II (40%), III (40%), and IV (20%) astrocytomas. IDH1 mutations were absent in 58 of 58 cases tested. The BRAF V600E mutation (7/57) was only observed in H3-wildtype astrocytomas, and was associated with a better prognosis in all histological grade II/III astrocytomas. TERT promoter mutations were observed in both H3 K27M-mutant (4/25) and -wildtype (9/33) astrocytomas, and were associated with a poor prognosis in H3-wildtype histological grade II/III astrocytomas. In the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors, H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas, including spinal cord astrocytomas, are categorized as WHO grade IV. Here, we noticed that the median overall survival of histological grade II/III H3 K27M-mutant cases (n =?28) was significantly longer than that of either the total histological grade IV cases (n =?12) or the H3 K27M-mutant histological grade IV cases (n =?7). We also directly compared H3 K27M-mutant astrocytomas to H3-wildtype astrocytomas of the same histological grade. In histological grade II astrocytomas, compared to H3-wildtype cases (n?=?37), H3 K27M-mutant patients (n?=?14) had showed a significantly higher Ki-67-positive rate and poorer survival rate. However, no significant differences in these parameters were observed in histological grade III and IV astrocytoma patients. In conclusion, these findings indicate that spinal cord astrocytomas are considerably different from hemispheric and brainstem astrocytomas in terms of their molecular profiles, and that the histological grade cannot be ignored when assessing the prognosis of H3 K27M-mutant spinal cord astrocytomas.
| S-EPMC7106747 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: To establish the contribution of eight founder alleles in three DNA damage repair genes (BRCA1, CHEK2 and NBS1) to prostate cancer in Poland, and to measure the impact of these variants on survival among patients. METHODS: Three thousand seven hundred fifty men with prostate cancer and 3956 cancer-free controls were genotyped for three founder alleles in BRCA1 (5382insC, 4153delA, C61G), four alleles in CHEK2 (1100delC, IVS2+1G>A, del5395, I157T), and one allele in NBS1 (657del5). RESULTS: The NBS1 mutation was detected in 53 of 3750 unselected cases compared with 23 of 3956 (0.6%) controls (odds ratio (OR)=2.5; P=0.0003). A CHEK2 mutation was seen in 383 (10.2%) unselected cases and in 228 (5.8%) controls (OR=1.9; P<0.0001). Mutation of BRCA1 (three mutations combined) was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer (OR=0.9; P=0.8). In a subgroup analysis, the 4153delA mutation was associated with early-onset (age ≤ 60 years) prostate cancer (OR=20.3, P=0.004). The mean follow-up was 54 months. Mortality was significantly worse for carriers of a NBS1 mutation than for non-carriers (HR=1.85; P=0.008). The 5-year survival for men with an NBS1 mutation was 49%, compared with 72% for mutation-negative cases. CONCLUSION: A mutation in NBS1 predisposes to aggressive prostate cancer. These data are relevant to the prospect of adapting personalised medicine to prostate cancer prevention and treatment.
| S-EPMC3566821 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background:The novel entity of "diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant" has been defined in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Tumors of this entity arise in CNS midline structures of predominantly pediatric patients and are associated with an overall dismal prognosis. They are defined by K27M mutations in H3F3A or HIST1H3B/C, encoding for histone 3 variants H3.3 and H3.1, respectively, which are considered hallmark events driving gliomagenesis. Methods:Here, we characterized 85 centrally reviewed diffuse gliomas on midline locations enrolled in the nationwide pediatric German HIT-HGG registry regarding tumor site, histone 3 mutational status, WHO grade, age, sex, and extent of tumor resection. Results:We found 56 H3.3 K27M-mutant tumors (66%), 6 H3.1 K27M-mutant tumors (7%), and 23 H3-wildtype tumors (27%). H3 K27M-mutant gliomas shared an aggressive clinical course independent of their anatomic location. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the significant impact of the H3 K27M mutation as the only independent parameter predictive of overall survival (P = 0.009). In H3 K27M-mutant tumors, neither anatomic midline location nor histopathological grading nor extent of tumor resection had an influence on survival. Conclusion:These results substantiate the clinical significance of considering diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, as a distinct entity corresponding to WHO grade IV, carrying a universally fatal prognosis.
| S-EPMC5761525 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo explore the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of brain diffuse midline gliomas with the H3 K27M mutation (DMG-M) using radiomics.Materials and methodsThirty patients with diffuse midline gliomas, including 16 with the H3 K27M mutant and 14 with wild type tumors, were retrospectively included in this study. A total of 272 radiomic features were initially extracted from MR images of each tumor. Principal component analysis, univariate analysis, and three other feature selection methods, including variance thresholding, recursive feature elimination, and the elastic net, were used to analyze the radiomic features. Based on the results, related visually accessible features of the tumors were further evaluated.ResultsPatients with DMG-M were younger than those with diffuse midline gliomas with H3 K27M wild (DMG-W) (median, 25.5 and 48 years old, respectively; p=0.005). Principal component analysis showed that there were obvious overlaps in the first two principal components for both DMG-M and DMG-W tumors. The feature selection results showed that few features from T2-weighted images (T2WI) were useful for differentiating DMG-M and DMG-W tumors. Thereafter, four visually accessible features related to T2WI were further extracted and analyzed. Among these features, only cystic formation showed a significant difference between the two types of tumors (OR=7.800, 95% CI 1.476-41.214, p=0.024).ConclusionsDMGs with and without the H3 K27M mutation shared similar MRI characteristics. T2W sequences may be valuable, and cystic formation a useful MRI biomarker, for diagnosing brain DMG-M.
| S-EPMC8182051 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiffuse H3 K27M-mutant gliomas occur primarily in children but can also be encountered in adults. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of H3 K27M-mutant gliomas in adults.MethodsWe analyzed the characteristics of 21 adult H3 K27M-mutant gliomas and compared them with those of 135 adult diffuse gliomas without histone H3 and without isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation (IDH/H3 wild type).ResultsThe median age at diagnosis in H3 K27M-mutant gliomas was 32 years (range: 18-82 y). All tumors had a midline location (spinal cord n = 6, thalamus n = 5, brainstem n = 5, cerebellum n = 3, hypothalamus n = 1, and pineal region n = 1) and were IDH and BRAF-V600E wild type. The identification of an H3 K27M mutation significantly impacted the diagnosis in 3 patients (14%) for whom the histological aspect initially suggested a diffuse low-grade glioma and in 7 patients (33%) for whom pathological analysis hesitated between a diffuse glioma, ganglioglioma, or pilocytic astrocytoma. Compared with IDH/H3 wild-type gliomas, H3 K27M-mutant gliomas were diagnosed at an earlier age (32 vs 64 y, P < .001), always had a midline location (21/21 vs 21/130, P < .001), less frequently had a methylated MGMT promoter (1/21 vs 52/129, P = .002), and lacked EGFR amplification (0/21 vs 26/128, P = .02). The median survival was 19.6 months in H3 K27M-mutant gliomas and 17 months in IDH/H3 wild-type gliomas (P = .3).ConclusionIn adults, as in children, H3 K27M mutations define a distinct subgroup of IDH wild-type gliomas characterized by a constant midline location, low rate of MGMT promoter methylation, and poor prognosis.
| S-EPMC5570304 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo explore the mutated genes in esophageal cancer (ESCA), and evaluate its relationship with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and prognosis of ESCA, and analyze the advantages of FAT3 as a potential prognostic marker in ESCA.MethodsThe somatic mutation landscape was analyzed according to ESCA samples from the TCGA and ICGC database. The differences of TMB between mutant type and wild type of frequently mutated genes were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. The association of gene mutations with prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. The relative abundance of 22 tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets in ESCA was calculated by CIBERSORT algorithm.ResultsFAT3 was a high frequency mutation in both TCGA and ICGC samples from the somatic mutation landscape. Then, the mutation type of FAT3 had significantly higher TMB in patients with ESCA compared the wild type (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the prognosis of FAT3 mutation type was significantly worse in patients with ESCA(P<0.05), and the FAT3 mutation status might be an independent factor for prognosis of patients with ESCA (HR: 1.262-5.922, P=0.011). The GSEA analysis revealed the potential mechanism of FAT3 mutation on the occurrence and development of ESCA. Finally, naive B cells were significantly enriched in FAT3 mutation samples of the ESCA microenvironment (P<0.05).ConclusionsFAT3 mutation is related to TMB and poor prognosis in ESCA. FAT3 mutation may be a prognostic marker of ESCA, and reveal the potential mechanism of FAT3 mutation on ESCA.
| S-EPMC8018597 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymomas exhibit very low H3K27 methylation and express high levels of EZHIP (Enhancer of Zeste Homologs Inhibitory Protein, also termed CXORF67). Here we find that a conserved sequence in EZHIP is necessary and sufficient to inhibit PRC2 catalytic activity in vitro and in vivo. EZHIP directly contacts the active site of the EZH2 subunit in a mechanism similar to the H3 K27M oncohistone. Furthermore, expression of H3 K27M or EZHIP in cells promotes similar chromatin profiles: loss of broad H3K27me3 domains, but retention of H3K27me3 at CpG islands. We find that H3K27me3-mediated allosteric activation of PRC2 substantially increases the inhibition potential of EZHIP and H3 K27M, providing a mechanism to explain the observed loss of H3K27me3 spreading in tumors. Our data indicate that PFA ependymoma and DIPG are driven in part by the action of peptidyl PRC2 inhibitors, the K27M oncohistone and the EZHIP 'oncohistone-mimic', that dysregulate gene silencing to promote tumorigenesis.
| S-EPMC6513997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundConventional MRI cannot be used to identify H3 K27M mutation status. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of predicting H3 K27M mutation status by applying an automated machine learning (autoML) approach to the MR radiomics features of patients with midline gliomas.MethodsThis single-institution retrospective study included 100 patients with midline gliomas, including 40 patients with H3 K27M mutations and 60 wild-type patients. Radiomics features were extracted from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Prior to autoML analysis, the dataset was randomly stratified into separate 75% training and 25% testing cohorts. The Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT) was applied to optimize the machine learning pipeline and select important radiomics features. We compared the performance of 10 independent TPOT-generated models based on training and testing cohorts using the area under the curve (AUC) and average precision to obtain the final model. An independent cohort of 22 patients was used to validate the best model.ResultsTen prediction models were generated by TPOT, and the accuracy obtained with the best pipeline ranged from 0.788 to 0.867 for the training cohort and from 0.60 to 0.84 for the testing cohort. After comparison, the AUC value and average precision of the final model were 0.903 and 0.911 in the testing cohort, respectively. In the validation set, the AUC was 0.85, and the average precision was 0.855 for the best model.ConclusionsThe autoML classifier using radiomics features of conventional MR images provides high discriminatory accuracy in predicting the H3 K27M mutation status of midline glioma.
| S-EPMC7442326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Somatic mutations of the H3F3A and HIST1H3B genes encoding the histone H3 variants, H3.3 and H3.1, were recently identified in high-grade gliomas arising in the thalamus, pons and spinal cord of children and young adults. However, the complete range of patients and locations in which these tumors arise, as well as the morphologic spectrum and associated genetic alterations remain undefined. Here, we describe a series of 47 diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3-K27M mutation. The 25 male and 22 female patients ranged in age from 2 to 65 years (median = 14). Tumors were centered not only in the pons, thalamus, and spinal cord, but also in the third ventricle, hypothalamus, pineal region and cerebellum. Patients with pontine tumors were younger (median = 7 years) than those with thalamic (median = 24 years) or spinal (median = 25 years) tumors. A wide morphologic spectrum was encountered including gliomas with giant cells, epithelioid and rhabdoid cells, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)-like foci, neuropil-like islands, pilomyxoid features, ependymal-like areas, sarcomatous transformation, ganglionic differentiation and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA)-like areas. In this series, histone H3-K27M mutation was mutually exclusive with IDH1 mutation and EGFR amplification, rarely co-occurred with BRAF-V600E mutation, and was commonly associated with p53 overexpression, ATRX loss (except in pontine gliomas), and monosomy 10.
| S-EPMC6055926 | biostudies-literature
Project description:B7 family members have been associated with the signaling transduction pathways underlying tumor immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, associations between the clinical characteristics of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the expression of B7‑H2 and B7‑H3 were analyzed. A total of 63 formalin‑fixed and paraffin‑embedded HCC tissues were collected to be used as a tissue microarray. Following this, the association between B7‑H2/B7‑H3 and the prognosis of patients with HCC was analyzed using Pearson's χ2 test, the Kaplan‑Meier method and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The results demonstrated that the expression of B7‑H2 was significantly associated with recurrence (within 1 year) in patients with HCC (P<0.01), and that the expression of B7‑H3 was associated with recurrence (within 1 year), metastasis and 2‑year overall survival rate in patients with HCC (P<0.01, P=0.036 and P=0.016, respectively). In addition, the combined expression of B7‑H2 and B7‑H3 was associated with prognostic factors, including recurrence (within 1 year) and survival rate (within 2 years), in patients with HCC. In particular, an increased area under the curve was achieved when the combined expression of B7‑H2 and B7‑H3 was considered, compared with that for α‑fetoprotein. Taken together, these results indicated that B7‑H2‑ and/or B7‑H3‑positive expression indicates a poor clinical outcome for patients, and the combination of B7‑H2 and B7‑H3 may be a preferential prognostic biomarker in patients with HCC.
| S-EPMC6472081 | biostudies-literature