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Fabrication of Inorganic Oxide Fiber Using a Cigarette Filter as a Template.

ABSTRACT: Inorganic oxides with unique physical and chemical properties have attracted much attention because they can be applied in a wide range of fields. Herein, recycled cigarette filters are deacetylated to cellulose filters (CFs), which are then applied as templates to prepare fiber-like inorganic oxides (titanium dioxide, TiO₂, and silicon dioxide, SiO₂). Inorganic oxides are prepared using CF as a template by a typical sol-gel reaction of metal alkoxides. Owing to the fibrous structure of the CF template, the prepared inorganic oxides (TiO₂ and SiO₂) show similar fibrous structures, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. Moreover, the prepared inorganic oxides (TiO₂ and SiO₂) show high surface areas and pore volumes. Furthermore, the TiO₂ fiber-like materials are evaluated for their photocatalytic properties by analyzing the methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) degradation. In this study, we provide a clean method, which can convert cellulose acetate-based waste into useful templates to prepare inorganic oxides with relatively simple steps, and the prepared inorganic oxides can be applied in water treatment.

SUBMITTER: Lyu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8210397 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fabrication of Silica Nanoparticle Monolayer Arrays Using an Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template.

Project description:Non-close-packed (NCP) silica nanoparticle monolayer arrays (SNMA) on ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates were fabricated for the first time by a novel two-step spin-coating technique. The obtained NCP-SNMA-AAO was composed of silica nanoparticles (average primary particle size of 440 nm) and well-organized nanopores on the AAO substrates. NCP-SNMA-AAO with a supporting ratio of 87% silica nanoparticles showed a hydrophilic surface (water contact angle of 51.0°), while the original AAO substrate shows a hydrophobic surface (water contact angle of 107.9°). The maximum coefficient of static friction was decreased by 29% (0.327 → 0.233). The coefficient of dynamic friction was also decreased by 20% (0.281 → 0.226). We found that controlling the silica supporting ratio using the two-step spin-coating technique is an effective approach for surface modification of an AAO substrate.

| S-EPMC6733172 | biostudies-literature

Bioinspired Fabrication of DNA-Inorganic Hybrid Composites Using Synthetic DNA.

Project description:Nucleic acid nanostructures have attracted significant interest as potential therapeutic and diagnostic platforms due to their intrinsic biocompatibility and biodegradability, structural and functional diversity, and compatibility with various chemistries for modification and stabilization. Among the fabrication approaches for such structures, the rolling circle techniques have emerged as particularly promising, producing morphologically round, flower-shaped nucleic acid particles: typically hybrid composites of long nucleic acid strands and inorganic magnesium pyrophosphate (Mg2PPi). These constructs are known to form via anisotropic nucleic acid-driven crystallization in a sequence-independent manner, rendering monodisperse and densely packed RNA or DNA-inorganic composites. However, it still remains to fully explore how flexible polymer-like RNA or DNA strands (acting as biomolecular additives) mediate the crystallization process of Mg2PPi and affect the structure and properties of the product crystals. To address this, we closely examined nanoscale details to mesoscopic features of Mg2PPi/DNA hybrid composites fabricated by two approaches, namely rolling circle amplification (RCA)-based in situ synthesis and long synthetic DNA-mediated crystallization. Similar to the DNA constructs fabricated by RCA, the rapid crystallization of Mg2PPi was retarded on a short-range order when we precipitated the crystals in the presence of presynthesized long DNA, which resulted in effective incorporation of biomolecular additives such as DNA and enzymes. These findings further provide a more feasible way to encapsulate bioactive enzymes within DNA constructs compared to in situ RCA-mediated synthesis, i.e., by not only protecting them from possible denaturation under the reaction conditions but also preventing nonselective association of proteins arising from the RCA reaction mixtures.

| S-EPMC6439439 | biostudies-literature

Photocatalytic Template Removal by Non-Ozone-Generating UV Irradiation for the Fabrication of Well-Defined Mesoporous Inorganic Coatings.

Project description:The processing of mesoporous inorganic coatings typically requires a high-temperature calcination step to remove organic precursors that are essential during the material assembly. Lowering the fabrication energy costs and cutting back on the necessary resources would provide a greater scope for the deployment in applications such as architectural glass, optical components, photovoltaic cells, and energy storage, as well as further compatibilize substrates with low temperature stability. Organic removal methods based on UV-ozone treatment are increasing in popularity, but concerns remain regarding large-scale ozone generation and usage of mercury-containing UV lamps. To this end, we present a method that relies on non-ozone-generating UV radiation at 254 nm (UV254) and incorporation of small amounts of photocatalytic material in the formulation, here demonstrated with TiO2 nanocrystals. At concentrations as low as 5 wt % relative to the main inorganic aluminosilicate material, the TiO2 nanocrystals catalyze a "cold combustion" of the organic components under UV254 irradiation to reveal a porous inorganic network. Using block copolymer-based co-assembly in conjunction with photocatalytic template removal, we produce well-defined mesoporous inorganic thin films with controlled porosity and refractive index values, where the required processing time is governed by the amount of TiO2 loading. This approach provides an inexpensive, flexible, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional organic removal techniques, such as UV-ozone degradation and thermal calcination.

| S-EPMC6543510 | biostudies-literature

Fabrication of Conductive Silver Microtubes Using Natural Catkin as a Template.

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| S-EPMC6641149 | biostudies-literature

Design and fabrication of carbon fiber lattices using 3D weaving.

Project description:We present a method of designing and fabricating 3D carbon fiber lattices. The lattice design and fabrication is based on crocheting and sewing techniques, where carbon fiber tow is woven through two parallel carbon fiber grids and reinforced with vertical carbon fiber tubes. Compression testing is then performed on three different designs, and these results are compared to other similar lattice structures, finding that the lattices perform similarly to comparable lattices. Finite element analysis is also performed to validate the experimental findings, and provides some insight into the experimental results. The process presented here allows for more design flexibility than other current methods. For example, within a single lattice, different density weave patterns can be used to address specific load requirements. Though fabricated manually here, this process can also be automated for large scale production. With this design flexibility, simplified fabrication, and high strength, the lattices proposed here offer an advantage as compared to similar existing structures.

| S-EPMC10493227 | biostudies-literature

Fabrication of Ultrafine, Highly Ordered Nanostructures Using Carbohydrate-Inorganic Hybrid Block Copolymers.

Project description:Block copolymers (BCPs) have garnered considerable interest due to their ability to form microphase-separated structures suitable for nanofabrication. For these applications, it is critical to achieve both sufficient etch selectivity and a small domain size. To meet both requirements concurrently, we propose the use of oligosaccharide and oligodimethylsiloxane as hydrophilic and etch-resistant hydrophobic inorganic blocks, respectively, to build up a novel BCP system, i.e., carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCP. The carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCPs were synthesized via a click reaction between oligodimethylsiloxane with an azido group at each chain end and propargyl-functionalized maltooligosaccharide (consisting of one, two, and three glucose units). In the bulk state, small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that these BCPs microphase separated into gyroid, asymmetric lamellar, and symmetric lamellar structures with domain-spacing ranging from 5.0 to 5.9 nm depending on the volume fraction. Additionally, we investigated microphase-separated structures in the thin film state and discovered that the BCP with the most asymmetric composition formed an ultrafine and highly oriented gyroid structure as well as in the bulk state. After reactive ion etching, the gyroid thin film was transformed into a nanoporous-structured gyroid SiO2 material, demonstrating the material's promising potential as nanotemplates.

| S-EPMC9144075 | biostudies-literature

Fabrication and characterization of an inorganic gold and silica nanoparticle mediated drug delivery system for nitric oxide.

Project description:Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in inhibiting the development of hepatic fibrosis and its ensuing complication of portal hypertension by inhibiting human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Here we have developed a gold nanoparticle and silica nanoparticle mediated drug delivery system containing NO donors, which could be used for potential therapeutic application in chronic liver disease. The gold nanoconjugates were characterized using several physico-chemical techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Silica nanoconjugates were synthesized and characterized as reported previously. NO released from gold and silica nanoconjugates was quantified under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4 at 37 degrees C) for a substantial period of time. HSC proliferation and the vascular tube formation ability, manifestations of their activation, were significantly attenuated by the NO released from these nanoconjugates. This study indicates that gold and silica nanoparticle mediated drug delivery systems for introducing NO could be used as a strategy for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis or chronic liver diseases, by limiting HSC activation.

| S-EPMC4154635 | biostudies-literature

Large-Scale Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Surface Patterns Using Template-Defined Electrochemical Deposition.

Project description:A new strategy to achieve large-scale, three-dimensional (3D) micro- and nanostructured surface patterns through selective electrochemical growth on monolayer colloidal crystal (MCC) templates is reported. This method can effectively create large-area (>1 cm2), 3D surface patterns with well-defined structures in a cost-effective and time-saving manner (<30 min). A variety of 3D surface patterns, including semishells, Janus particles, microcups, and mushroom-like clusters, is generated. Most importantly, our method can be used to prepare surface patterns with prescribed compositions, such as metals, metal oxides, organic materials, or composites (e.g., metal/metal oxide, metal/polymer). The 3D surface patterns produced by our method can be valuable in a wide range of applications, such as biosensing, data storage, and plasmonics. In a proof-of-concept study, we investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of the fabricated silver 3D semishell arrays.

| S-EPMC6777745 | biostudies-literature

Fabrication of Polymeric Antireflection Film Manufactured by Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template on Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Project description:In this study, high energy conversion efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were successfully fabricated by attaching a double anti-reflection (AR) layer, which is composed of a subwavelength moth-eye structured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. An efficiency of up to 6.79% was achieved. The moth-eye structured PMMA film was fabricated by using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template which is simple, low-cost and scalable. The nano-pattern of the AAO template was precisely reproduced onto the PMMA film. The photoanode was composed of Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 25 nm deposited on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate and the sensitizer N3. The double AR layer was proved to effectively improve the short-circuit current density (JSC) and conversion efficiency from 14.77 to 15.79 mA/cm² and from 6.26% to 6.79%, respectively.

| S-EPMC5503351 | biostudies-other

Synthesis of Co-Fe 1D Nanocone Array Electrodes Using Aluminum Oxide Template.

Project description:Porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) obtained via two-step anodization is a material commonly used as a template for fabricating 1D nanostructures. In this work, copper and cobalt-iron 1D nanocones were obtained by an electrodeposition method using AAO templates. The templates were produced using two-step anodization in H2C2O4. The Co-Fe nanostructures are characterized by homogeneous pore distribution. The electrocatalytic activity of the produced nanomaterials was determined in 1 M NaOH using the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) methods. These materials can be used as catalysts in the water-splitting reaction. The sample's active surface area was calculated and compared with bulk materials.

| S-EPMC8036432 | biostudies-literature

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