Dataset Information

Fragrance in Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb. Despite the Presence of a Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2.

ABSTRACT: Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb. accumulates the highest concentration of the major basmati aroma volatile 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in the plant kingdom. The expression of 2AP is correlated with the presence of a nonfunctional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(BADH2) in aromatic rice and other plant species. In the present study, a full-length BADH2 sequence was reconstructed from the transcriptome data of leaf tissue from P. amaryllifolius seedlings. Based on this sequence, a 1509 bp coding sequence was defined that encoded a 54 kD PaBADH2protein. This revealed the presence of a full-length BADH2 protein in P. amaryllifolius. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR analysis, combined with BADH2 enzyme activity, confirmed the expression and functionality of the PaBADH2 protein. To understand the apparent structural variation, docking analysis was carried out in which protein showed a good affinity with both betaine aldehyde (BAD) and γ-aminobutyraldehyde (GAB-ald) as substrates. Overall, the analysis showed the presence of a functional BADH2, along with substantial 2AP synthesis (4.38 ppm). Therefore, we conclude that unlike all other plants studied to date, 2AP biosynthesis in P. amaryllifolius is not due to the inactivation of BADH2.

SUBMITTER: Bhatt V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8269274 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fragrance in Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb. Despite the Presence of a Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2.

Bhatt Vacha V Barvkar Vitthal T VT Furtado Agnelo A Henry Robert J RJ Nadaf Altafhusain A

International journal of molecular sciences 20210628 13

Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb. accumulates the highest concentration of the major basmati aroma volatile 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in the plant kingdom. The expression of 2AP is correlated with the presence of a nonfunctional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(BADH2) in aromatic rice and other plant species. In the present study, a full-length BADH2 sequence was reconstructed from the transcriptome data of leaf tissue from P. amaryllifolius seedlings. Based on this seque ...[more]

PMID: 34203477

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Project description:IntroductionFragrance is an important economic and quality trait in rice. The trait is controlled by the recessive gene betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH2) via the production of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP).ObjectivesVariation in BADH2 was evaluated at the population, genetic, transcriptional, and metabolic levels to obtain insights into fragrance regulation in rice.MethodsWhole-genome resequencing of the Korean World Rice Collection of 475 rice accessions, including 421 breeding lines and 54 wild accessions, was performed. Transcriptome analyses of a subset of 279 accessions, proteome analyses of 64 accessions, and volatile profiling of 421 breeding lines were also performed.ResultsWe identified over 3.1 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Korean rice collection. Most SNPs were present in intergenic regions (79%), and 190,148 SNPs (6%) were located in the coding sequence, of which 53% were nonsynonymous. In total, 38 haplotypes were identified in the BADH2 coding region, including four novel haplotypes (one in cultivated and three in wild accessions). Tajima's D values suggested that BADH2 was under balancing selection in japonica rice. Furthermore, we identified 316 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), including 185 cis-eQTLs and 131 trans-eQTLs, involved in BADH2 regulation. A protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL) analysis revealed the presence of trans-pQTLs; 13 pQTLs were mapped 1 Mbp from the BADH2 region. Based on variable importance in projection (VIP) scores, 15 volatile compounds, including 2AP, discriminated haplotypes and were potential biomarkers for rice fragrance.ConclusionWe generated a catalog of haplotypes based on a resequencing analysis of a large number of rice accessions. eQTLs and pQTLs associated with BADH2 gene expression and protein accumulation are likely involved in the regulation of 2AP variation in fragrant rice. These data improve our understanding of fragrance and provide valuable information for rice breeding.

Project description:Abiotic stresses are critical delimiters for the increased productivity and cultivation expansion of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), a root crop with worldwide importance. The increased production of glycine betaine (GB) improves plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses without strong phenotypic changes, providing a feasible approach to improve stable yield production under unfavorable conditions. The gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is involved in the biosynthesis of GB in plants, and the accumulation of GB by the heterologous overexpression of BADH improves abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This study is to improve sweet potato, a GB accumulator, resistant to multiple abiotic stresses by promoted GB biosynthesis. A chloroplastic BADH gene from Spinacia oleracea (SoBADH) was introduced into the sweet potato cultivar Sushu-2 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The overexpression of SoBADH in the transgenic sweet potato improved tolerance to various abiotic stresses, including salt, oxidative stress, and low temperature. The increased BADH activity and GB accumulation in the transgenic plant lines under normal and multiple environmental stresses resulted in increased protection against cell damage through the maintenance of cell membrane integrity, stronger photosynthetic activity, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induction or activation of ROS scavenging by the increased activity of free radical-scavenging enzymes. The increased proline accumulation and systemic upregulation of many ROS-scavenging genes in stress-treated transgenic plants also indicated that GB accumulation might stimulate the ROS-scavenging system and proline biosynthesis via an integrative mechanism. This study demonstrates that the enhancement of GB biosynthesis in sweet potato is an effective and feasible approach to improve its tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses without causing phenotypic defects. This strategy for trait improvement in sweet potato not only stabilizes yield production in normal soils in unpredictable climates but also provides a novel germplasm for sweet potato production on marginal lands.

Project description:BackgroundPlant ALDH10 enzymes are aminoaldehyde dehydrogenases (AMADHs) that oxidize different ω-amino or trimethylammonium aldehydes, but only some of them have betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) activity and produce the osmoprotectant glycine betaine (GB). The latter enzymes possess alanine or cysteine at position 441 (numbering of the spinach enzyme, SoBADH), while those ALDH10s that cannot oxidize betaine aldehyde (BAL) have isoleucine at this position. Only the plants that contain A441- or C441-type ALDH10 isoenzymes accumulate GB in response to osmotic stress. In this work we explored the evolutionary history of the acquisition of BAL specificity by plant ALDH10s.ResultsWe performed extensive phylogenetic analyses and constructed and characterized, kinetically and structurally, four SoBADH variants that simulate the parsimonious intermediates in the evolutionary pathway from I441-type to A441- or C441-type enzymes. All mutants had a correct folding, average thermal stabilities and similar activity with aminopropionaldehyde, but whereas A441S and A441T exhibited significant activity with BAL, A441V and A441F did not. The kinetics of the mutants were consistent with their predicted structural features obtained by modeling, and confirmed the importance of position 441 for BAL specificity. The acquisition of BADH activity could have happened through any of these intermediates without detriment of the original function or protein stability. Phylogenetic studies showed that this event occurred independently several times during angiosperms evolution when an ALDH10 gene duplicate changed the critical Ile residue for Ala or Cys in two consecutive single mutations. ALDH10 isoenzymes frequently group in two clades within a plant family: one includes peroxisomal I441-type, the other peroxisomal and non-peroxisomal I441-, A441- or C441-type. Interestingly, high GB-accumulators plants have non-peroxisomal A441- or C441-type isoenzymes, while low-GB accumulators have the peroxisomal C441-type, suggesting some limitations in the peroxisomal GB synthesis.ConclusionOur findings shed light on the evolution of the synthesis of GB in plants, a metabolic trait of most ecological and physiological relevance for their tolerance to drought, hypersaline soils and cold. Together, our results are consistent with smooth evolutionary pathways for the acquisition of the BADH function from ancestral I441-type AMADHs, thus explaining the relatively high occurrence of this event.

Dataset Information

Fragrance in Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb. Despite the Presence of a Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2.

Publications

Fragrance in <i>Pandanus amaryllifolius</i>Roxb. Despite the Presence of a Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2.

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