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Corticosteroid treatment for acute/acute-on-chronic experimental and naturally occurring pancreatitis in several species: a scoping review to inform possible use in dogs.

ABSTRACT: Acute pancreatitis in dogs is a prevalent disease characterised by mild to severe inflammation. Treatment with anti-inflammatory corticosteroids has been widely debated but is not generally recommended in veterinary medicine. The objective of the present study was to present current evidence on the effect of corticosteroid treatment for acute/acute-on-chronic pancreatitis across species. These findings were then used to evaluate if and how corticosteroid treatment could influence disease outcome in canine acute/acute-on-chronic pancreatitis. A scoping review was performed by searching the Agricola, CAB Abstracts, MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify relevant articles published before June 24, 2021. The inclusion criteria were English language, original research published in a peer-reviewed journal, and investigation of corticosteroid treatment effects on acute/acute-on-chronic pancreatitis by the outcome parameters clinical score, circulating CRP level, hospitalisation duration, mortality and pancreas histopathology. Research on any species was considered. Studies were rated based on the level of evidence, and methodological quality was evaluated based on similarity between groups at baseline, risk of bias and study group size. The reporting method was based on the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. One thousand nine hundred fifty-four studies were identified, and 31 met the inclusion criteria. Five were canine studies, with 4 investigating experimentally induced pancreatitis; 5 were human clinical studies; and 21 were rodent studies of experimentally induced pancreatitis. The level of evidence ranged between randomised controlled trials and case series, the estimated risk of bias ranged from low to high, and the sample sizes ranged from very small to moderate. Evidence indicates that adding corticosteroid to symptomatic treatment of acute/acute-on-chronic canine pancreatitis could have a positive influence on disease outcome. However, the analysed evidence was based on several species, including both naturally occurring and experimentally induced pancreatitis; thus, the authors suggest that large randomised controlled studies should be performed in dogs with spontaneously occurring acute/acute-on-chronic pancreatitis to further elucidate a potential benefit of corticosteroid treatment.

SUBMITTER: Bjornkjær-Nielsen KA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8276032 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:In periodontitis patients, dysbiosis of the oral microbiota is not only found at clinically diseased periodontal sites but also at clinically healthy periodontal sites, buccal mucosae, tongue, and saliva. The present study evaluated the safety and efficacy of an oral microbiota transplant (OMT) for the treatment of periodontitis in dogs. Eighteen systemically healthy beagle dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to a test or control group. A 4-y-old, periodontally healthy female beagle dog served as a universal OMT donor. To reduce periodontal inflammation, all dogs received full-mouth mechanical debridement of teeth and mucosae 2 wk before baseline. At baseline, full-mouth mechanical debridement was repeated and followed by adjunctive subgingival and oral irrigation with 0.1% NaOCl. Subsequently, test dogs were inoculated with an OMT from the healthy donor. No daily oral hygiene was performed after OMT transplantation. Adverse events were assessed throughout the observation period. Clinical examinations were performed and whole-mouth oral microbiota samples were collected at week 2, baseline, week 2, and week 12. The composition of oral microbiota samples was analyzed using high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing followed by taxonomic assignment and downstream bioinformatic and statistical analyses. Results demonstrated that the intergroup difference in the primary outcome measure, probing pocket depth at week 12, was statistically insignificant. However, the single adjunctive OMT had an additional effect on the oral microbiota composition compared to the full-mouth mechanical and antimicrobial debridement alone. The OMT resulted in an "ecological shift" toward the composition of the donor microbiota, but this was transient in nature and was not observed at week 12. No local or systemic adverse events were observed throughout the study period. The results indicate that OMT may modulate the microbiota composition in dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis and can be applied safely.

Project description:RationaleBarriers to developing treatments for human status epilepticus include the inadequacy of experimental animal models. In contrast, naturally occurring canine epilepsy is similar to the human condition and can serve as a platform to translate research from rodents to humans. The objectives of this study were to characterize the pharmacokinetics of an intravenous (IV) dose of topiramate (TPM) in dogs with epilepsy and evaluate its effect on intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) features.MethodsFive dogs with naturally occurring epilepsy were used for this study. Three were getting at least one antiseizure drug as maintenance therapy including phenobarbital (PB). Four (ID 1-4) were used for the 10 mg/kg IV TPM + PO TPM study, and three (ID 3-5) were used for the 20 mg/kg IV TPM study. IV TPM was infused over 5 min at both doses. The animals were observed for vomiting, diarrhea, ataxia, and lethargy. Blood samples were collected at scheduled pre- and post-dose times. Plasma concentrations were measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Non-compartmental and population compartmental modeling were performed (Phoenix WinNonLin and NLME) using plasma concentrations from all dogs in the study. iEEG was acquired in one dog. The difference between averaged iEEG energy levels at 15 min pre- and post-dose was assessed using a Kruskal-Wallis test.ResultsNo adverse events were noted. TPM concentration-time profiles were best fit by a two compartment model. PB co-administration was associated with a 5.6-fold greater clearance and a ~4-fold shorter elimination half-life. iEEG data showed that TPM produced a significant energy increase at frequencies >4 Hz across all 16 electrodes within 15 min of dosing. Simulations suggested that dogs on an enzyme inducer would require 25 mg/kg, while dogs on non-inducing drugs would need 20 mg/kg to attain the target concentration (20-30 μg/mL) at 30 min post-dose.ConclusionThis study shows that IV TPM has a relatively rapid onset of action, loading doses appear safe, and the presence of PB necessitates a higher dose to attain targeted concentrations. Consequently, it is a good candidate for further evaluation for treatment of seizure emergencies in dogs and people.

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Corticosteroid treatment for acute/acute-on-chronic experimental and naturally occurring pancreatitis in several species: a scoping review to inform possible use in dogs.

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