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AMPK activation reverts mouse epiblast stem cells to naive state.

ABSTRACT: Despite increasing knowledge on primed and naive pluripotency, the cell signaling that regulates the pluripotency type in stem cells remains not fully understood. Here we show that AMP kinase (AMPK) activators can induce the reversion of primed mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) to the naive pluripotent state. The addition of AMPK activators alone or together with leukemia inhibitory factor to primed mEpiSCs induced the appearance of naive-like cells. After passaging in naive culture conditions, the colony morphology, protein expression, and global gene expression profiles indicated the naive state, as did germline transmission ability. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies suggested that p38 is a critical downstream target in AMPK activation. Finally, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the reversion process through AMPK signaling passes an intermediate naive-like population. In conclusion, the AMPK pathway is a critical driving force in the reversion of primed to naive pluripotency.

SUBMITTER: Liu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8283141 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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AMPK activation reverts mouse epiblast stem cells to naïve state

Project description:Reversion from primed to naïve pluripotent status has been achieved by various signaling manipulation, but it is still unclear what signaling is the actual driving force to get over the hurdle from primed to naïve pluripotency. We previously reported that activation of AMP kinase (AMPK) contributed to maintenance of naïve pluripotency. Here, we further show that AMPK activators, AICAR, A769662 or metformin, can induce the reversion of primed mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) to naïve pluripotent state. Primed mEpiSCs in our naïve cell culture condition with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and 2 kinase inhibitors (2i) (2iL) never gave rise to naïve state cells. Addition of AICAR alone even in the absence of 2iL or either of AMPK inhibitors with LIF induced appearance of naïve-like cells from primed mEpiSCs. Through maintenance and passages of these cells in 2iL condition, clear naïve-like morphology colonies were purely obtained. They showed core naïve protein expression, and global naïve gene expression profiles. These cells contributed to chimeric mice including germline transmission. Inhibition of p38 signaling abolished the AMPK-elicited reversion and forced activation of p38 in primed mEpiSCs partially reproduced the naïve cell induction, suggesting that p38 is one of the critical downstream in AMPK activation. AMPK pathway should be a novel critical driving force in reversion of primed to naïve pluripotency.

2021-07-21 | GSE157087 | GEO

AMPK activation reverts mouse epiblast stem cells to naïve state

Project description:Reversion from primed to naïve pluripotent status has been achieved by various signaling manipulation, but it is still unclear what signaling is the actual driving force to get over the hurdle from primed to naïve pluripotency. We previously reported that activation of AMP kinase (AMPK) contributed to maintenance of naïve pluripotency. Here, we further show that AMPK activators, AICAR, A769662 or metformin, can induce the reversion of primed mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs) to naïve pluripotent state. Primed mEpiSCs in our naïve cell culture condition with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and 2 kinase inhibitors (2i) (2iL) never gave rise to naïve state cells. Addition of AICAR alone even in the absence of 2iL or either of AMPK inhibitors with LIF induced appearance of naïve-like cells from primed mEpiSCs. Through maintenance and passages of these cells in 2iL condition, clear naïve-like morphology colonies were purely obtained. They showed core naïve protein expression, and global naïve gene expression profiles. These cells contributed to chimeric mice including germline transmission. Inhibition of p38 signaling abolished the AMPK-elicited reversion and forced activation of p38 in primed mEpiSCs partially reproduced the naïve cell induction, suggesting that p38 is one of the critical downstream in AMPK activation. Single cell RNA-seq analysis under AICAR stimulation successfully demonstrated the reversion process with appearance of intermediate naïve-like population. AMPK pathway should be a novel critical driving force in reversion of primed to naïve pluripotency.

2021-07-21 | GSE175610 | GEO

AMPK activation reverts mouse epiblast stem cells to naïve state

Project description:AMPK activation reverts mouse epiblast stem cells to naïve state

| PRJNA660035 | ENA

AMPK activation reverts mouse epiblast stem cells to naïve state

Project description:AMPK activation reverts mouse epiblast stem cells to naïve state

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MLL1 Inhibition Reprograms Epiblast Stem Cells to Naive Pluripotency.

Project description:The interconversion between naive and primed pluripotent states is accompanied by drastic epigenetic rearrangements. However, it is unclear whether intrinsic epigenetic events can drive reprogramming to naive pluripotency or if distinct chromatin states are instead simply a reflection of discrete pluripotent states. Here, we show that blocking histone H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1 activity with the small-molecule inhibitor MM-401 reprograms mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) to naive pluripotency. This reversion is highly efficient and synchronized, with more than 50% of treated EpiSCs exhibiting features of naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) within 3 days. Reverted ESCs reactivate the silenced X chromosome and contribute to embryos following blastocyst injection, generating germline-competent chimeras. Importantly, blocking MLL1 leads to global redistribution of H3K4me1 at enhancers and represses lineage determinant factors and EpiSC markers, which indirectly regulate ESC transcription circuitry. These findings show that discrete perturbation of H3K4 methylation is sufficient to drive reprogramming to naive pluripotency.

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Conversion of mouse epiblast stem cells to an earlier pluripotency state by small molecules.

Project description:Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are pluripotent cells derived from post-implantation late epiblasts in vitro. EpiSCs are incapable of contributing to chimerism, indicating that EpiSCs are less pluripotent and represent a later developmental pluripotency state compared with inner cell mass stage murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Using a chemical approach, we found that blockage of the TGF? pathway or inhibition of histone demethylase LSD1 with small molecule inhibitors induced dramatic morphological changes in EpiSCs toward mESC phenotypes with simultaneous activation of inner cell mass-specific gene expression. However, full conversion of EpiSCs to the mESC-like state with chimerism competence could be readily generated only with the combination of LSD1, ALK5, MEK, FGFR, and GSK3 inhibitors. Our results demonstrate that appropriate synergy of epigenetic and signaling modulations could convert cells at the later developmental pluripotency state to the earlier mESC-like pluripotency state, providing new insights into pluripotency regulation.

| S-EPMC2943300 | biostudies-literature

Cdh2 stabilizes FGFR1 and contributes to primed-state pluripotency in mouse epiblast stem cells.

Project description:The cell adhesion molecule Cadherin 2 (Cdh2) plays important roles in somatic cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. Cdh2 is also highly expressed in mouse epiblast stem cells (mEpiSCs), but its function in these cells is unknown. To understand the function of Cdh2 in mEpiSCs, we compared the expression of pluripotency-related genes in mEpiSCs and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) after either Cdh2 knockdown or Cdh2 over-expression. Introduction of specific siRNA against Cdh2 led to attenuation of pluripotency-related genes. Pluripotent gene expression was not recovered by over-expression of Cdh1 following Cdh2 knockdown. Western blot analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Cdh2 stabilizes FGFR1 in mEpiSCs. Furthermore, stable transfection of mESCs with Cdh2 cDNA followed by FGF2 supplementation accelerated cell differentiation. Thus, Cdh2 contributes to the establishment and maintenance of FGF signaling-dependent self-renewal in mEpiSCs through stabilization of FGFR1.

| S-EPMC4588589 | biostudies-literature

Zeb2 Regulates Cell Fate at the Exit from Epiblast State in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

Project description:In human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) the transcription factor Zeb2 regulates neuroectoderm versus mesendoderm formation, but it is unclear how Zeb2 affects the global transcriptional regulatory network in these cell-fate decisions. We generated Zeb2 knockout (KO) mouse ESCs, subjected them as embryoid bodies (EBs) to neural and general differentiation and carried out temporal RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis in neural differentiation. This shows that Zeb2 acts preferentially as a transcriptional repressor associated with developmental progression and that Zeb2 KO ESCs can exit from their naïve state. However, most cells in these EBs stall in an early epiblast-like state and are impaired in both neural and mesendodermal differentiation. Genes involved in pluripotency, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and DNA-(de)methylation, including Tet1, are deregulated in the absence of Zeb2. The observed elevated Tet1 levels in the mutant cells and the knowledge of previously mapped Tet1-binding sites correlate with loss-of-methylation in neural-stimulating conditions, however, after the cells initially acquired the correct DNA-methyl marks. Interestingly, cells from such Zeb2 KO EBs maintain the ability to re-adapt to 2i + LIF conditions even after prolonged differentiation, while knockdown of Tet1 partially rescues their impaired differentiation. Hence, in addition to its role in EMT, Zeb2 is critical in ESCs for exit from the epiblast state, and links the pluripotency network and DNA-methylation with irreversible commitment to differentiation. Stem Cells 2017;35:611-625.

| S-EPMC5396376 | biostudies-literature

Isolation of epiblast stem cells from preimplantation mouse embryos.

Project description:Pluripotent stem cells provide a platform to interrogate control elements that function to generate all cell types of the body. Despite their utility for modeling development and disease, the relationship of mouse and human pluripotent stem cell states to one another remains largely undefined. We have shown that mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are distinct, pluripotent states isolated from pre- and post-implantation embryos respectively. Human ES cells are different than mouse ES cells and share defining features with EpiSCs, yet are derived from pre-implantation human embryos. Here we show that EpiSCs can be routinely derived from pre-implantation mouse embryos. The preimplantation-derived EpiSCs exhibit molecular features and functional properties consistent with bona fide EpiSCs. These results provide a simple method for isolating EpiSCs and offer direct insight into the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that regulate the acquisition of distinct pluripotent states.

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Human naive epiblast cells possess unrestricted lineage potential.

Project description:Classic embryological experiments have established that the early mouse embryo develops via sequential lineage bifurcations. The first segregated lineage is the trophectoderm, essential for blastocyst formation. Mouse naive epiblast and derivative embryonic stem cells are restricted accordingly from producing trophectoderm. Here we show, in contrast, that human naive embryonic stem cells readily make blastocyst trophectoderm and descendant trophoblast cell types. Trophectoderm was induced rapidly and efficiently by inhibition of ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Nodal signaling. Transcriptome comparison with the human embryo substantiated direct formation of trophectoderm with subsequent differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, and downstream trophoblast stem cells. During pluripotency progression lineage potential switches from trophectoderm to amnion. Live-cell tracking revealed that epiblast cells in the human blastocyst are also able to produce trophectoderm. Thus, the paradigm of developmental specification coupled to lineage restriction does not apply to humans. Instead, epiblast plasticity and the potential for blastocyst regeneration are retained until implantation.

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