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Polyethyleneimine-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube/Graphene Oxide Composite: A Novel Sensing Platform for Pb(II) Acetate in Aqueous Solution.

ABSTRACT: Heavy metal pollution is posing a severe health risk on living organisms. Therefore, significant research efforts are focused on their detection. Here, we developed a sensing platform sensor for the selective detection of lead(II) acetate. The sensor is based on self-assembled polyethyleneimine-functionalized carbon nanotubes (PEI-CNTs) and graphene oxide films deposited onto gold interdigitated electrodes. The graphene-based nanostructure showed a resistive behavior, and the fabricated layer-by-layer film was used to detect Pb(II) acetate in an aqueous solution by comparison of three electrochemical methods: impedance spectroscopy, amperometry, and potentiometry stripping analysis. The results obtained from different methods show that the detection limit was down to 36 pmol/L and the sensitivity up to 4.3 μAL/μmol, with excellent repeatability. The detection mechanism was associated with the high affinity of heavy metal ions with the functional groups present in the PEI-CNTs and GO, allowing high performance and sensitivity. The achieved results are important for the research toward integrated monitoring and sensing platforms for Pb(II) contamination in drinking water.

SUBMITTER: Martinez Jimenez MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8296609 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thermosensitive Microgels-Decorated Magnetic Graphene Oxides for Specific Recognition and Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution.

Project description:Herein, we report a novel type of smart graphene oxide nanocomposites (MGO@PNB) with excellent magnetism and high thermosensitive ion-recognition selectivity of lead ions (Pb2+). The MGO@PNB are fabricated by immobilizing superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-benzo-18-crown-6 acrylamide) thermosensitive microgels (PNB) onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets using a simple one-step solvothermal method and mussel-inspired polydopamine chemistry. The PNB are composed of cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) chains with numerous appended 18-crown-6 units. The 18-crown-6 units serve as hosts that can selectively recognize and capture Pb2+ from aqueous solution, and the PNIPAM chains act as a microenvironmental actuator for the inclusion constants of 18-crown-6/Pb2+ host-guest complexes. The loaded Fe3O4 NPs endow the MGO@PNB with convenient magnetic separability. The fabricated MGO@PNB demonstrate remarkably high ion-recognition selectivity of Pb2+ among the coexisting metal ions because of the formation of stable 18-crown-6/Pb2+ inclusion complexes. Most interestingly, the MGO@PNB show excellent thermosensitive adsorption ability toward Pb2+ due to the incorporation of PNIPAM functional chains on the GO. Further thermodynamic studies indicate that the adsorption of Pb2+ onto the MGO@PNB is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data can be well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Most importantly, the Pb2+-loaded MGO@PNB can be more easily regenerated by alternatively washing with hot/cold water than the commonly used regeneration methods. Such multifunctional graphene oxide nanocomposites could be used for specific recognition and removal of Pb2+ from water environment.

| S-EPMC6648301 | biostudies-literature

Efficient and selective removal of Pb(ii) from aqueous solution by a thioether-functionalized lignin-based magnetic adsorbent.

Project description:The effective and selective removal of heavy metal ions from sewage is a major challenge and is of great significance to the treatment and recovery of metal waste. Herein, a novel magnetic lignin-based adsorbent L@MNP was synthesized by a thiol-ene click reaction under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Multiple characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confirmed the formed nano-morphology and structure of L@MNP. The effects of pH, contact time, initial metal concentration and temperature on the batch adsorption of Pb(ii) by L@MNP were investigated. Due to the existence of sulfur and oxygen-containing sites, the maximum adsorption capacity of L@MNP for Pb(ii) could reach 97.38 mg g-1, while the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 30 min. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were well described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, respectively, suggesting a chemical and monolayer adsorption process. In addition, L@MNP showed a high adsorption selectivity (k Pb = 0.903) toward Pb(ii) in the presence of other co-existing metal ions. The experimental results also revealed that L@MNP displayed structural stability, ease of recovery under an external magnetic field, and acceptable recyclability after the fifth cycle. Considering its facile preparation, low cost and high adsorption efficiency, the developed L@MNP adsorbent demonstrated great potential in removing heavy metal ions from wastewater.

| S-EPMC8978820 | biostudies-literature

An Aqueous Process for Preparing Flexible Transparent Electrodes Using Non-Oxidized Graphene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Solution.

Project description:In this study, we prepared flexible and transparent hybrid electrodes based on an aqueous solution of non-oxidized graphene and single-walled carbon nanotubes. We used a simple halogen intercalation method to obtain high-quality graphene flakes without a redox process and prepared hybrid films using aqueous solutions of graphene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant. The hybrid films showed excellent electrode properties, such as an optical transmittance of ≥90%, a sheet resistance of ~3.5 kΩ/sq., a flexibility of up to ε = 3.6% ((R) = 1.4 mm), and a high mechanical stability, even after 103 bending cycles at ε = 2.0% ((R) = 2.5 mm). Using the hybrid electrodes, thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated, which exhibited an electron mobility of ~6.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, a current on-off ratio of ~1.04 × 107, and a subthreshold voltage of ~0.122 V/decade. These electrical properties are comparable with those of TFTs fabricated using Al electrodes. This suggests the possibility of customizing flexible transparent electrodes within a carbon nanomaterial system.

| S-EPMC10421273 | biostudies-literature

Superior Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity in Aqueous Solution by High-Density Thiol-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxides.

Project description:The preparation of mercapto-reduced graphene oxides (m-RGOs) via a solvothermal reaction using P4S10 as a thionating agent has demonstrated their potential as an absorbent for scavenging heavy metal ions, particularly Pb2+, from aqueous solutions due to the presence of thiol (-SH) functional groups on their surface. The structural and elemental analysis of m-RGOs was conducted using a range of techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (STEM-EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). At pH 7 and 25 °C, the maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ ions on the surface of m-RGOs was determined to be approximately 858 mg/g. The heavy metal-S binding energies were used to determine the percent removal of the tested heavy metal ions, with Pb2+ exhibiting the highest percentage removal, followed by Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions having the lowest percent removal, and the binding energies observed were Pb-S at 346 kJ/mol, Hg-S at 217 kJ/mol, and Cd-S at 208 kJ/mol. The time-dependent removal study of Pb2+ ions also yielded promising results, with almost 98% of Pb2+ ions being removed within 30 min at pH 7 and 25 °C using a 1 ppm Pb2+ solution as the test solution. The findings of this study clearly demonstrate the potential and efficiency of thiol-functionalized carbonaceous material for the removal of environmentally harmful Pb2+ from groundwater.

| S-EPMC10220523 | biostudies-literature

Phosphate Adsorption from Aqueous Solution Using Electrospun Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Membrane Modified with Graphene Oxide/Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate.

Project description:Eutrophication and water pollution caused by a high concentration of phosphate are two concerning issues that affect water quality worldwide. A novel cellulose-based adsorbent, cellulose acetate/graphene oxide/sodium dodecyl sulphate (CA/GO/SDS), was developed for water treatment. A 13% CA solution in a mixture of acetone:dimethylacetamide (2:1) has been electrospun and complexed with a GO/SDS solution. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed that the CA membrane was pure white, while the CA/GO/SDS membrane was not as white as CA and its colour became darker as the GO content increased. The process of phosphate removal from the solutions was found to be aided by the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CA modified with GO/SDS, as shown by infrared spectroscopy. An optimization condition for the adsorption process was studied by varying pH, immersion time, and the mass of the membrane. The experimental results from phosphate adsorption showed that CA/GO/SDS had an excellent pH adaptability, with an optimum pH of 7, and maximum removal (>87.0%) was observed with a membrane mass of 0.05 g at an initial concentration of 25 mg L-1. A kinetic study revealed that 180 min of contact time could adsorb about 87.2% of phosphate onto the CA/GO/SDS membrane. A typical pseudo-second-order kinetic model successfully portrayed the kinetic sorption of phosphate, and the adsorption equilibrium data were well-correlated with the Langmuir adsorption model, suggesting the monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules.

| S-EPMC8307572 | biostudies-literature

Cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite for the adsorption and removal of levofloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic from aqueous solution.

Project description:Residual antibiotics in water are often persistent organic pollutants. The purpose of this study was to prepare a cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite (CNCs-GO) with a three-dimensional structure for the removal of the antibiotic levofloxacin hydrochloride (Levo-HCl) in water by adsorption. The scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other characterization methods were used to study the physical structure and chemical properties of the CNCs-GO. The three-dimensional structure of the composite material rendered a high surface area and electrostatic attraction, resulting in increased adsorption capacity of the CNCs-GO for Levo-HCl. Based on the Box-Behnken design, the effects of different factors on the removal of Levo-HCl by the CNCs-GO were explored. The composite material exhibited good antibiotic adsorption capacity, with a removal percentage exceeding 80.1% at an optimal pH of 4, the adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g l-1, initial pollutant concentration of 10.0 mg l-1 and contact time of 4 h. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Sips model, and kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption process conformed to a quasi-second-order kinetics model. Consequently, the as-synthesized CNCs-GO demonstrates good potential for the effective removal of antibiotics such as levofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous media.

| S-EPMC7657919 | biostudies-literature

Functionalized carbon nanotube toxicity in Arabidopsis leaves

Project description:Polyethilenimine (PEI) functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and carbon-based nanomaterials enable delivery of DNA and RNA in plants. Given the broad-scale use of PEI-functionalized nanomaterials in plants, we sought to investigate the reaction of plant tissues to treatment with PEI-SWNTs and pristine SWNTs. To this end, we infiltrated Arabidopsis thaliana leaves with pristine single walled carbon nanotubes used in RNA silencing applications (SWNTs) and polyethyleneimine-functionalized SWNTs used for plasmid DNA delivery (PEI-SWNTs). We used Arabidopsis as it is a well characterized model plant, for which genomic and detailed gene function information is readily available. To minimize the effects caused by the introduction of exogenous nucleic acids, in SWNT preparations we used single stranded RNA targeting Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) with no target sequence in the Arabidopsis genome, and a plasmid that expresses GFP in PEI-SWNT preparations. For our experiments herein, we used ~25-50 fold higher concentrations of SWNTs and PEI-SWNTs compared to standard concentrations used in biomolecule delivery assays. Water-infiltrated plant leaves served as a negative control to distinguish between the SWNT-specific response and the response to the infiltration process itself. We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with RNA extracted from leaves two days after infiltration to identify changes in the leaf transcriptomic profile in response to the three treatments, compared to non-infiltrated leaves.

2021-12-29 | GSE172278 | GEO

Heat Transfer Performance of Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelet Aqueous Nanofluids.

Project description:The low thermal conductivity of fluids used in many industrial applications is one of the primary limitations in the development of more efficient heat transfer systems. A promising solution to this problem is the suspension of nanoparticles with high thermal conductivities in a base fluid. These suspensions, known as nanofluids, have great potential for enhancing heat transfer. The heat transfer enhancement of sulfonic acid-functionalized graphene nanoplatelet water-based nanofluids is addressed in this work. A new experimental setup was designed for this purpose. Convection coefficients, pressure drops, and thermophysical properties of various nanofluids at different concentrations were measured for several operational conditions and the results are compared with those of pure water. Enhancements in thermal conductivity and in convection heat transfer coefficient reach 12% (1 wt %) and 32% (0.5 wt %), respectively. New correlations capable of predicting the Nusselt number and the friction factor of this kind of nanofluid as a function of other dimensionless quantities are developed. In addition, thermal performance factors are obtained from the experimental convection coefficient and pressure drop data in order to assess the convenience of replacing the base fluid with designed nanofluids.

| S-EPMC5456820 | biostudies-other

A dual enhanced anti-bacterial strategy based on high chlorin e6-loaded polyethyleneimine functionalized graphene.

Project description:Bacterial infection has always been a long-term problem of human history and has nowadays became a severe threat to human health with the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria due to the abuse of antibiotics. In this study, a high chlorin e6 (Ce6) photosensitizer-loaded polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene (PEI-G) nanocomposite (PEI-G@Ce6) was prepared. The loading capacity of Ce6 on PEI-G@Ce6 was approximately up to 32.91 wt%, which was higher than that of other nanomaterials. The as-prepared PEI-G@Ce6 not only improves the photostability of free photosensitizer Ce6 molecules but also maintains the ability of singlet oxygen generation. Based on the dual enhancement of the physical antibacterial effects of PEI-G and the photodynamic therapy (PDT) antibacterial effects of loaded photosensitizer Ce6, PEI-G@Ce6 exhibited enhanced antibacterial efficiency towards Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the present strategy provided an effective platform to improve antibacterial efficiency for the better treatment of wound infections.

| S-EPMC8693315 | biostudies-literature

Use of Eggshell-Catalyzed Biochar Adsorbents for Pb Removal from Aqueous Solution.

Project description:Eggshell is a cheap and environmentally friendly calcium source. In this study, Ca-modified biochar adsorbents (CEA) were prepared by 1:10, 1:2, and 1:1 mass ratio of the eggshell and Eupatorium adenophorum. The CEA-2 sample prepared with a 1:2 mass ratio showed a maximum Pb adsorption capacity (97.74 mg·g-1) at the conditions of an initial pH of 7.0, an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g·L-1, and a contact time of 8.0 h. The kinetic and isotherm studies indicated that the adsorption process of the CEA-2 sample had monolayer adsorption characteristics, which was controlled together by intraparticle and interface diffusion. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process of CEA-2 was spontaneous (ΔG 0 <0) and endothermic (ΔH 0 > 0). X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed a uniform distribution of Ca-Pb precipitation on the CEA-2 surface, which proved that chemical precipitation was the main adsorption mechanism. Fourier transform infrared spectra found that CEA-2 had abundant active groups, especially nitrogen-containing functional groups, which could adsorb Pb through a surface complexation reaction. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of CEA-2 was found to be 621 m2·g-1, and such developed pores could ensure the smooth diffusion of Pb. Finally, the effect of coexisting cation and anion experiment and the cyclic regeneration experiment indicated that CEA-2 had prominent stability and reusability for Pb adsorption.

| S-EPMC9245091 | biostudies-literature

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